Microsoft Scenes

Microsoft Scenes was a collection of wallpapers and screensaver for Windows 3.0. Each "picture set" - a collection of themed images - shipped on two 3.5" floppy disks. The core screensaver and wallpaper engine were reusable components. Users could create their own sets from their own images as well.

Three collections for the Microsoft Scenes 1.0 system were released, in 1993.

In 1994, Microsoft upgraded the engine to Scenes 2.0. This system was more flexible: for example, it allowed screensaver randomization across picture sets, as well as choice of transitions. Eight collections were released with the Scenes 2.0 system. It was also possible to upgrade older collections to the new format.

The images in each set were JPEG format - a relatively new technology for 1993 - and took a noticeable amount of time to decompress on the 386 computers of the era.

This page contains all pictures from all 11 scene collections, as well as the original captions, credits, and descriptions. (Aside: the Sierra Club collection from 1.0 was re-released as Sierra Club Nature for 2.0, with all image dimensions increased from 636x476 to 640x480, and a very slight filesize reduction.)

Downloads for the original Microsoft Scenes disks are available from WinWorld.

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• Microsoft Scenes 1.0
  • Impressionists Collection
  • Sierra Club Collection
  • Outer Space Collection
• Microsoft Scenes 2.0
  • Brain Twister Collection
  • Flight Collection
  • Hollywood Collection
  • Sierra Club Nature Collection
  • Sports Extremes Collection
  • Stereogram Collection
  • Undersea Collection
  • Sierra Club Wildlife Collection

Microsoft Scenes 1.0

	The Stage Coach at Louveciennes (Camille Pissarro)
	The Stage Coach at Louveciennes, 1870 Camille Pissarro (1830-1903)
	Pissarro lived in Louveciennes from 1869 to 1872, although he departed for England with Monet for part of 1870 and 1871 to escape the Franco-Prussian war. Although befriended by the art dealer Durand-Ruel, he had great difficulty selling his paintings. Pissarro joined the first Impressionist exhibition in 1872 in search of a market for his works. In this painting, he captures the essence of a rainy day. Musée d'Orsay, Paris © Giraudon/Art Resource, New York
	The Seine at Bougival in Winter (Alfred Sisley)
	The Seine at Bougival in Winter, 1872 Alfred Sisley (1839-1899)
	Although generally considered a French Impressionist, Sisley was actually an Englishman, the son of an English couple who lived in France but were never naturalized. Sisley painted lyrical glowing landscapes dominated by the Seine, the Loing, and other rivers and canals in France. Many of his paintings are of waterways near his homes. Here the white frost in the foreground defines the season. Museum of Fine Arts, Lille © Giraudon/Art Resource, New York
	Two Women Seated by a Woodland Stream (Mary Cassatt)
	Two Women Seated by a Woodland Stream, c. 1869 Mary Cassatt (1844-1926)
	Mary Cassatt, an artist from Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, was the only American to exhibit with the Impressionists. Degas invited her to join the Impressionist group in 1879, and she showed works in four of the later Impressionist exhibitions. This is one of her rare landscape paintings, probably painted out of doors in characteristic Impressionist style. Private Collection, Paris © 1993 ARS, New York/SPADEM, Paris
	Branch of White Peonies and Pruning Shears (Edouard Manet)
	Branch of White Peonies and Pruning Shears, 1864 Edouard Manet (1832-1899)
	Edouard Manet was a man-about-town of independent means who loved to represent both women and flowers. He was a real Parisian, a café habitué, who counted Emile Zola and Baudelaire, as well as the Impressionists, among his friends. With minimal effort, he evokes the fullness and delicacy of the peonies in this work. Musée d'Orsay, Paris © Giraudon/Art Resource, New York
	Dance Class at the Opéra (Edgar Degas)
	Dance Class at the Opéra (detail), 1872 Edgar Degas (1834-1917)
	Though Edgar Degas is grouped with the Impressionists, he was not the least bit interested in the outdoors and light-filled landscapes. Instead, Degas focused on the motion of the human body. His favorite subject was ballet dancers. Although works like this one may look naturalistic and spontaneous, Degas carefully planned them. In Degas' own words: "No art was ever less spontaneous than mine." Musée d'Orsay, Paris © Scala/Art Resource, New York
	Grapes, Peaches and Almonds (Edouard Manet)
	Grapes, Peaches and Almonds, 1864 Edouard Manet (1832-1899)
	As a student in the atelier of Thomas Couture, Manet had been reproached for painting scenes of modern life rather than grandiose historic events. He also painted still lifes throughout his career, often incorporating them into major works such as Dejeuner sur l'Herbe (Lunch on the Grass), in which his presentation of a nude woman prompted cries of scandal and outrage. In contrast to the avant-garde content of some of his portraits, Manet's still lifes are beyond reproach. In this early work, the fruit is rendered rather conventionally in the tradition of Dutch still life painting. Musée d'Orsay, Paris © Scala/Art Resource, New York
	Regatta at Argenteuil (Claude Monet)
	Regatta at Argenteuil, 1872 Claude Monet (1840-1926)
	The son of a grocer, Monet often is called the quintessential Impressionist, because he continued using Impressionist techniques throughout his life. He moved to Argenteuil in 1871 with his first wife, Camille, whom he'd married in 1870, and their son, Jean. This painting may have been painted from Monet's houseboat on the Seine River, which he'd set up as a "floating studio." Musée d'Orsay, Paris © Scala/Art Resource, New York
	On the Beach (Edouard Manet)
	On the Beach, 1873 Edouard Manet (1832-1899)
	Edouard Manet, who abandoned an unremarkable career in the navy to become a painter, is widely regarded as the father of modern painting. Although he refused to exhibit with the Impressionists, their practice of painting outdoors influenced his work, especially in the 1870s. This scene was probably painted during Manet's family vacation at Berck-sur-Mer in the summer of 1873. Suzanne Manet, who was his piano teacher before becoming his lover and later his wife, is shown on the left. His brother Eugène, also an artist, is shown on the right. Musée d'Orsay, Paris © Art Resource, New York
	Impression: Sunrise (Claude Monet)
	Impression: Sunrise, 1872 Claude Monet (1840-1926)
	It was this work, displayed in the first Impressionist exhibition of 1874, that gave Impressionism its name. The term was first used disparagingly by a critic to describe the painters and the unfinished quality of their paintings. The name caught on and long outlived the renown of the critic. This particular painting was stolen from the Marmottan Museum in the 1980s. However, it was recently discovered in Corsica and restored to France, where it continues as witness to the Impressionists' beginnings. Musée Marmottan, Paris © Scala/Art Resource, New York
	The Boulevards (Jean Beraud)
	The Boulevards, 1879-1880 Jean Beraud (1849-1936)
	Although a contemporary of the Impressionists, Beraud never exhibited with them. His specialty was showing fashionable life in Paris at the turn of the century, or "la vie Parisienne," as well as scenes of the stage. In The Boulevards, he captures a modish crowd on a wide Parisian street, such as Avenue des Champs Elysées or the Boulevard St. Germain-des-Prés. Musée Carnavalet, Paris © 1993 ARS, New York/SPADEM, Paris
	Fog, Voisins (Alfred Sisley)
	Fog, Voisins, 1874 Alfred Sisley (1839-1899)
	Among the Impressionists, Sisley was the consummate landscape artist. Light-filled landscapes dominate his canvases, vastly outnumbering the few portraits and still lifes Sisley rendered. The unobtrusiveness of his work, painting simple motifs with fresh strokes, seems to echo his sensitive and somewhat reclusive character. In Fog, Voisins, the brushstrokes perfectly capture the quality of a misty morning. Musée d'Orsay, Paris © Giraudon/Art Resource, New York
	Poppies, Near Argenteuil (Claude Monet)
	Poppies, Near Argenteuil, 1873 Claude Monet (1840-1926)
	Monet lived in Argenteuil, a suburb of Paris, from 1871 to 1877. The woman in the foreground may be Monet's first wife, Camille, with their son Jean. Camille, who died in 1879, was Monet's favorite model. This painting repeats the figures in the background, possibly to provide a contrast to the vivid reds of the wild poppies. This painting was probably shown in the first Impressionist exhibition in 1874. Musée d'Orsay, Paris © Giraudon/Art Resource, New York
	Monet Painting in His Floating Studio (Edouard Manet)
	Monet Painting in His Floating Studio, 1874 Edouard Manet (1832-1899)
	Manet refused to exhibit with the Impressionists, preferring to exhibit in the more conventional Salon. Nevertheless, he served as an inspiration to the younger Impressionists and befriended many of them. In 1874, he spent the summer in Argenteuil on the Seine with Claude Monet. This painting shows Monet, with his wife Camille, painting in his studio boat. Here Manet's style shows the greatest influence of Impressionist technique in its brighter palette and broken brushstrokes. He does, however, include black, a color discarded by the Impressionists. Bayerische Staatsgemaldesammlungen, Munich © Scala/Art Resource, New York
	In a Park (Berthe Morisot)
	In a Park, 1874 Berthe Morisot (1841-1895)
	Morisot showed work in all the Impressionist exhibitions except in 1879 when her daughter Julie was born. Her husband, Eugène Manet, was the model for several father and daughter canvases, creating a new Impressionist subject matter. In a Park combines domestic subject matter with out-of-doors painting, animated by the artist's delicate touch and spontaneity. Petit Palais Museum, Paris © Giraudon/Art Resource, New York
	Village Path (Camille Pissarro)
	Village Path, 1875 Camille Pissarro (1830-1903)
	Pissarro painted portraits and still lifes, and he was the main printmaker of the Impressionist group. However, his primary activity was landscape painting. Here Pissarro shows houses in Pontoise seen from the pathway going from rue L'Hermitte to rue Victor Hugo. The thick paint on the roofs of the houses was executed by palette knife, accentuating their solidarity against the more sketchily painted grass, foliage, and figures on the path. Rudolphe Staechelin Foundation, Basel © SEF/Art Resource, New York
	Butterfly Hunt (Berthe Morisot)
	Butterfly Hunt, 1874 Berthe Morisot (1841-1895)
	With wonderfully free brushstrokes, Morisot shows her sister Edma and her children in their garden at Maurecourt in the spring. The green of the butterfly net keynotes the green lawn and foliage as a patch of sunlight falls on Madame Pontillon's white dress. Of Morisot's paintings, the critic Paul Mantz wrote, "The truth is that there is only one Impressionist in the group at rue le Peletier: it is Berthe Morisot." Musée d'Orsay, Paris © Erich Lessing/Art Resource, New York
	The Floorscrapers (Gustave Caillebotte)
	The Floorscrapers, 1875 Gustave Caillebotte (1848-1894)
	Caillebotte worked as a marine engineer until his father's death in 1873 gave him a substantial fortune, which allowed him to study art. He studied first with Bonnat and then at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts. From 1875 on, Caillebotte exhibited with the Impressionists and also bought their works. His paintings show scenes of everyday life, including so humble an occupation as floor scraping. Musée d'Orsay, Paris © Giraudon/Art Resource, New York
	Boat in the Flood at Port-Marly (Alfred Sisley)
	Boat in the Flood at Port-Marly, 1876 Alfred Sisley (1839-1899)
	Water was Alfred Sisley's most frequent theme. Floods periodically inundated Port-Marly, but the unusually severe flooding of February 1876 inspired Sisley to paint seven different views of it. The entire series shows the flood from its earliest stages until its ebbing. This painting shows how the sky has lightened after the rain. Musée d'Orsay, Paris © Scala/Art Resource, New York
	Eugène Manet on the Isle of Wight (Berthe Morisot)
	Eugène Manet on the Isle of Wight, 1875 Berthe Morisot (1841-1895)
	In 1874, Berthe Morisot married Eugène Manet, Edouard's brother and a painter and writer himself. The summer after their wedding, she painted her husband while vacationing on the Isle of Wight. Although the weather was rainy, Morisot did a number of successful seascapes and harbor scenes on the Isle of Wight, one of her favorite locations for painting. In this scene, her husband is posed quite casually, looking out a window. Private Collection © Giraudon/Art Resource, New York
	Dance at the Moulin de la Galette (Pierre Auguste Renoir)
	Dance at the Moulin de la Galette, 1876 Pierre Auguste Renoir (1841-1919)
	This painting shows a Sunday afternoon dance at the Moulin de la Galette, a cake mill transformed into an outdoor café in Montmartre. Renoir posed several of his friends as the crowd at the foreground table and others among the dancing couples, the scene dappled by the sunlight sifting through the trees. It was shown at the third Impressionist exhibition in 1877. Musée d'Orsay, Paris © Erich Lessing/Art Resource, New York
	Rooftops Under Snow (Gustave Caillebotte)
	Rooftops Under Snow, 1878 Gustave Caillebotte (1848-1894)
	Gustave Caillebotte, a friend and patron of the Impressionists, often painted matter-of-fact, somewhat prosaic pictures. Several of his works show figures looking down from windows to the street. This urban scene gives us a bird's eye view from an attic casement, the snow accentuating the solid shapes of the buildings below. Musée d'Orsay, Paris © Giraudon/Art Resource, New York
	Alphonsine Fournaise (Pierre Auguste Renoir)
	Alphonsine Fournaise, 1879 Pierre Auguste Renoir (1841-1919)
	Renoir was a painter of women who tried to reconcile the Impressionist style with an adequate representation of the female figure. Like Degas, he was more interested in the human form than in landscapes. Here he shows Alphonsine Fournaise at her family's restaurant on the island of Chatou, a pleasant stop for boaters. Musée d'Orsay, Paris © Art Resource, New York
	Landscape at Chaponval (Camille Pissarro)
	Landscape at Chaponval, 1880 Camille Pissarro (1830-1903)
	Pissarro, the oldest of the Impressionists, came to Paris from St. Thomas in 1855 to be a painter. He participated in all the Impressionist exhibitions and taught the Post-Impressionist artists Cézanne and Gauguin. Pissarro painted this work near Pontoise where the artist was living. It has Pissarro's typical subject matter, a worker in the figure of the peasant woman. Musée d'Orsay, Paris © Giraudon/Art Resource, New York
	Bathers at Asnières (Georges Seurat)
	Bathers at Asnières, 1884 Georges Seurat (1859-1891)
	Although Seurat exhibited with the Impressionists in 1886, he created the new style of Pointillism or Divisionism, also called Neo-Impressionism. This style of painting replaced brushstrokes with a system of uniform dots and pure colors. In this early work he shows the conditions of light out of doors, like the Impressionists. However, his figures are more monumental, more carefully constructed and timeless, than in Impressionist works. National Gallery, London © Art Resource, New York
	Still Life with Four Sunflowers (Vincent van Gogh)
	Still Life with Four Sunflowers, 1887 Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890)
	Vincent van Gogh painted his first sunflower paintings in Paris in 1887 during his Impressionist period. He had left Holland for Paris where he lived with his brother Theo and met leading contemporary artists. Here the artist has imbued the flowers with extraordinary life, the petals appearing flame-like, radiating out from the heart of the flower like van Gogh's creative work itself. Kroller-Müller Museum, Otterlo © Erich Lessing/Art Resource, New York
	Bulbfield and Windmill Near Leyden (Claude Monet)
	Bulbfield and Windmill Near Leyden, 1886 Claude Monet (1840-1926)
	Monet was well-respected by his Impressionist peers. In Cézanne's words: "Monet is no more than an eye—but, my God, what an eye." Monet first painted in Holland in 1871 and later returned for two weeks in 1886 during the tulip season. He did several similar compositions of tulip fields with windmills silhouetted against the sky, using complementary colors of orange, violet, green, and red for heightened effects. State Museum, Amsterdam © Art Resource, New York
	Vincent's Room, Arles (Vincent van Gogh)
	Vincent's Room, Arles, 1888 Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890)
	Vincent van Gogh left Paris in February 1888 to go to sunny Arles in the south of France, where he hoped to start an artists' colony. He convinced Paul Gauguin to join him in this effort in October 1888, around the time this painting was created. By February of 1889, the two were arguing regularly. After one of these arguments, van Gogh cut off his ear, a tangible symbol of his mental instability. While in Arles, he made several paintings of his bedroom. Although the floor is tilted and the entire room has a sense of exaggerated perspective in this painting, the room was evidently a place of comfort for the artist. Vincent van Gogh Foundation, Amsterdam © Scala/Art Resource, New York
	Claude Monet Painting at the Edge of a Woods (John Singer Sargent)
	Claude Monet Painting at the Edge of a Woods, 1887 John Singer Sargent (1856-1925)
	Sargent was an expatriate American painter famed for his society portraits and bravura technique. Trained as an artist in France, Sargent moved to London in 1885 to escape the scandal over his daring portrait of Madame Gautrau, which was considered quite provocative even though the model was fully clothed. In 1887, Sargent visited Monet, whom he admired, and painted him at work out of doors at Giverny. Tate Gallery, London © Tate Gallery, London/Art Resource, New York
	Landscape at Saint-Rémy (Vincent van Gogh)
	Landscape at Saint-Rémy, 1889 Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890)
	This is the enclosed wheat field van Gogh saw out of his window at Saint-Rémy, where he had committed himself for treatment after the ear-cutting episode in Arles. Some of van Gogh's most impressive work was created during the last three years of his life, as he balanced between creativity and insanity. Ny Carlsberg Glypotek, Copenhagen © Bridgeman/Art Resource, New York
	Pollard Willows with Setting Sun (Vincent van Gogh)
	Pollard Willows with Setting Sun, 1888 Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890)
	Painted in Arles in October 1888, the skeletal forms of the leafless willow trees contrast with the glowing image of the sun. The starkness of the contrast underlies van Gogh's departure from Impressionist principles. As he wrote to his brother Theo in August 1888, "I am returning to the ideas I had … before I knew the Impressionists …." Kroller-Müller Museum, Otterlo © Bridgeman/Art Resource, New York
	Tahitian Women (Paul Gauguin)
	Tahitian Women (on the Beach), 1891 Paul Gauguin (1848-1903)
	Painted the year Gauguin arrived in Tahiti on his first trip, the two women are shown realistically in the shapeless dresses brought to the island by missionaries. Later, Gauguin's mythological views of Tahitian women in native costume may have been inspired by his liaison with a young Tahitian woman, Tehemana, who explained Polynesian customs and taught the Tahitian language to Gauguin. Musée d'Orsay, Paris © Scala/Art Resource, New York
	Noon: Rest from Work (Vincent van Gogh)
	Noon: Rest from Work (After Millet), 1889-1890 Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890)
	Vincent van Gogh, an expressive Post-Impressionist painter, came from a family of art dealers and artists. He started his painting career in his native Holland and then came to Paris in 1886, where he was influenced by the Impressionists. A great admirer of the French peasant artist Jean-Françoise Millet, van Gogh painted his own version of an engraving after Millet's painting of peasants. Musée d'Orsay, Paris © Art Resource, New York
	Thatched Cottages at Cordeville (Vincent van Gogh)
	Thatched Cottages at Cordeville, 1890 Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890)
	After spending some time in an asylum at Saint-Rémy, van Gogh moved to Auvers in May 1890. There he came under the care of Dr. Paul Gachet, an artist himself, as well as an art collector. The cottages in nearby Cordeville gave van Gogh a picturesque local subject that he represented with heavily applied paint and wavy, restless brushstrokes, a possible harbinger of his suicide in July 1890. Musée d'Orsay, Paris © Giraudon/Art Resource, New York
	Arearea (Paul Gauguin)
	Arearea (Joyousness), 1892 Paul Gauguin (1848-1903)
	After exhibiting in the Salon of 1876 and several Impressionist exhibitions, Gauguin abandoned a stockbroker's career to become a full-time painter. In 1891, Gauguin went to Tahiti, where he painted this work, titled characteristically in the Tahitian language. The flat areas of color and the timeless quality of the scene represent a break with the Impressionist style of his early works. Musée d'Orsay, Paris © Scala/Art Resource, New York
	Still Life with a Basket (Paul Cézanne)
	Still Life with a Basket (Kitchen Table), c. 1890-1895 Paul Cézanne (1839-1906)
	After 1890, Cézanne began to develop a more abstract style. In this seemingly casual still life, he creates a landscape of objects. He tilts the table forward unrealistically and shows objects from different points of view on a monumentally rendered table cloth, everything delicately poised within a constructed interior. Musée d'Orsay, Paris © Scala/Art Resource, New York
	The Canal of Loing at Moret (Alfred Sisley)
	The Canal of Loing at Moret, 1892 Alfred Sisley (1839-1899)
	During his later years, Sisley saw little of his Impressionist friends. Living in isolation at Moret, this sensitive and retiring artist seldom went to Paris. His representation of poplar trees along the canal may owe something to Monet's poplar series of the 1880s and early 1890s, but Sisley shows more of the setting, including figures and houses. The lyrical delicacy of this landscape evokes the artist's solitude and poetic nature. Musée d'Orsay, Paris © Giraudon/Art Resource, New York
	The Card Players (Paul Cézanne)
	The Card Players, c. 1890-1895 Paul Cézanne (1839-1906)
	Cézanne was a slow worker, so the arrested movement of card players was appropriate as a theme. Probably painted at his father's estate at Jas de Bouffon, Cézanne emphasized geometric structure in this painting, like the cylinders of the arms or the sphere of the taller hat. The scene may represent Cézanne and his father as antagonists, the cards symbolizing the paintings of the career he wanted to pursue, against his father's wishes. Musée d'Orsay, Paris © Giraudon/Art Resource, New York
	Nave, Nave Moe (Paul Gauguin)
	Nave, Nave Moe (Miraculous Source), 1894 Paul Gauguin (1848-1903)
	Created in Paris after Gauguin's return from his first trip to Tahiti, this painting represents a dream-like vision and remembrance of Tahiti. After a painful separation from his wife and children, Gauguin searched for a primitive paradise, finding it first in Brittany, then in Tahiti, and finally on the Marquesas Islands where he died. In this painting, the women, set in an arabesque composition, seem to be contemplating deep questions of existence. Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg © Scala/Art Resource, New York
	Port St. Tropez (Paul Signac)
	Port St. Tropez, 1899 Paul Signac (1863-1935)
	Paul Signac met Georges Seurat in 1884 and participated in the last Impressionist exhibition in 1886. Signac later became the publicist for Seurat's ideas of Neo-Impressionism. An avid sailor, he moved to Saint-Tropez in 1892 and showed its harbor in a number of works. Here he interprets the pattern of brightly colored sails using Seurat's pointillist form of uniform dots. Musée de l'Annonciade, St. Tropez © 1993 ARS, New York/SPADEM, Paris
	Apples and Oranges (Paul Cézanne)
	Apples and Oranges, 1895-1900 Paul Cézanne (1839-1906)
	Born in Aix-en-Provence, Paul Cézanne studied painting in Paris, despite the opposition of his domineering father. He exhibited in several Impressionist shows, later developing his own Post-Impressionist style. He maintained a relationship with Hortense Fiquet, one of his models, for 17 years before marrying her after the birth of his son. Representative of the still lifes of his mature period, Apples and Oranges creates a constructed landscape of objects on a tilted tabletop. Jeu de Paume, Paris © Art Resource, New York
	The Artist's Garden at Giverny (Claude Monet)
	The Artist's Garden at Giverny, 1900 Claude Monet (1840-1926)
	Claude Monet bought a house in the village of Giverny, north of Paris, in 1890. Here he lived with his lover, Alice Hoschede, who later became his second wife, and their children. The garden at Giverny appears in many of Monet's paintings in his later life. Monet based the garden's design on Japanese gardens, diverting a branch of the Epte river to create his famous waterlily pond. This view of the garden shows a blaze of densely packed blooms under weeping willow trees. Musée d'Orsay, Paris © Giraudon/Art Resource, New York
	Big Ben (André Derain)
	Big Ben, 1906 André Derain (1880-1954)
	The product of a trip to London, this painting shows the clocktower and Houses of Parliament reflected in the Thames River. Derain's style still shows influences of Neo-Impressionist technique in its broken brushstroke and high-keyed palette. The colors, like the "wild beast" artists themselves, were shocking in their lack of conformity with established rules. Museum of Modern Art, Troyes © 1993 ARS, New York/ADAGP, Paris
	Strawberries (Pierre Auguste Renoir)
	Strawberries, 1905 Pierre Auguste Renoir (1841-1919)
	Renoir painted still lifes throughout his career, starting with his apprenticeship at the age of 13 as a decorator in a porcelain factory. More loosely painted than his early still lifes, Strawberries is composed around its colors—the red of the berries, the white of the linen and china, and the blue design of the sugar bowl. Musée de l'Orangerie, Paris © Art Resource, New York
	Seine Barges (André Derain)
	Seine Barges, 1906 André Derain (1880-1954)
	André Derain, along with Henri Matisse and Maurice de Vlaminck, created a Post-Impressionist technique called "fauvism." These three artists were christened Fauves, or "wild beasts," when they showed their brilliantly colored works at the Salon d'Automne in 1905. All three artists were influenced by the Neo-Impressionist color theories of Paul Signac and Georges Pierre Seurat. National Museum of Modern Art, Paris © 1993 ARS, New York/ADAGP, Paris
	London, Parliament, Sun Breaking Through (Claude Monet)
	London, Parliament, Sun Breaking Through, 1904 Claude Monet (1840-1926)
	After years of poverty and struggle, Monet's work became more popularly accepted during the late 1800s. Following the success of the Rouen Cathedral series, Monet did a series of Thames River scenes in England, including the Houses of Parliament. Much of Monet's work in his later life was focused on thematic series. This series may have been created as a challenge to the English landscape tradition or possibly to record the atmospheric effects of fog. Musée d'Orsay, Paris © Erich Lessing/Art Resource, New York
	On the Thames (André Derain)
	On the Thames, 1906 André Derain (1880-1954)
	In 1906, at the urging of his art dealer, Ambroise Vollard, Derain spent spring and fall in London. There he painted a number of scenes of the Thames River in bright, unrealistic colors, following Fauvist ideas that color should express the feeling of the artist, rather than imitating nature. State Museum, Amsterdam © 1993 ARS, New York/ADAGP, Paris
	Summer, or The Dance (Pierre Bonnard)
	Summer, or The Dance, 1912 Pierre Bonnard (1867-1947)
	While studying to be a lawyer, Bonnard enrolled in the Académie Julian art classes in 1887, where he met Serusier, Denis, Ranson, and others in the future Nabi group. Bonnard's landscape paintings, like this one, show the influence of Impressionist color theory in the lush countryside and brilliant areas of color. Pushkin Museum, Moscow © 1993 ARS, New York/ADAGP/SPADEM, Paris
	Waterlilies, Green Reflection, Left Part (Claude Monet)
	Waterlilies, Green Reflection, Left Part, 1916-1923 Claude Monet (1840-1926)
	Monet painted images of his waterlily pond at Giverny from 1895 on, gradually eliminating all signs of its borders to give an illusion of endless space. His studies culminated in eight large paintings installed in the Orangerie in 1927, where the viewer is surrounded by Monet's watery realm. During his later years, Monet's eyesight began to fail him. Despite what was surely a terrible fate for an artist, Monet continued to paint until his death. Musée d'Orangerie, Paris © Giraudon/Art Resource, New York

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	Clements Mountain, Montana
	Clements Mountain, Glacier National Park Steve Terrill
	"Above this memorable spot, the face of the mountain is still more savagely hacked and torn. It is a maze of yawning chasms and gullies, in the angles of which rise beetling crags and piles of detached boulders that seem to have gotten ready to be launched below. But the strange influx of strength I had received seemed inexhaustible. I found a way without effort, and soon stood upon the topmost crag in the blessed light." —John Muir © Steve Terrill, 1992
	Painted Hills, Oregon
	Painted Hills, Oregon Keith Lazelle
	"Who could ever guess that so rough a wilderness should yet be so fine, so full of good things. One seems to be in a majestic domed pavilion in which a grand play is being acted with scenery and music and incense—all the furniture and action so interesting we are in no danger of being called on to endure one dull moment. God himself seems to be always doing his best here, working like a man in a glow of enthusiasm." —John Muir © Keith Lazelle, 1989
	Blue Ridge Parkway, Virginia
	Oaks in Fog, Blue Ridge Parkway David Muench
	"The trees come pressing forward all around in close serried ranks, planting their feet exactly on its margin, and holding themselves erect, strict and orderly like soldiers on parade; thus bounding the meadow with exquisite precision, yet with free curving lines such as Nature alone can draw." —John Muir © David Muench, 1993
	Proxy Falls, Oregon
	Proxy Falls, Oregon Keith Lazelle
	"How soothingly, restfully cool it is beneath that leafy, translucent ceiling, and how delightful the water music—the deep bass tones of the fall, the clashing, ringing spray, and infinite variety of small low tones of the current gliding past the side of the boulder-island, and glinting against a thousand smaller stones down the ferny channel! All this shut in; every one of these influences acting at short range as if in a quiet room. The place seemed holy, where one might hope to see God." —John Muir © Keith Lazelle, 1986
	Alsek Glacier, Alaska
	Alsek Glacier, St. Elias Mountains Art Wolfe
	"After the fiord was in shadow the level sunbeams continued to pour through the miles of bergs with ravishing beauty, reflecting and refracting the purple light like cut crystal. Then all save the tips of the highest became dead white. These, too, were speedily quenched, the glowing points vanishing like stars sinking beneath the horizon. And after the shadows had crept higher, submerging the glaciers and the ridges between them, the divine alpenglow still lingered on their highest fountain peaks as they stood transfigured in glorious array." —John Muir © Art Wolfe, Inc., 1991
	Cirque of the Towers, Wyoming
	Wind River Range, Cirque of the Towers Pat O'Hara
	"Thus the rocks, where the exposure to storms is greatest, and where only ruin seems to be the object, are all the more lavishly clothed upon with beauty—beauty that grows with and depends upon the violence of the gale. In like manner do men find themselves enriched by storms that seem only big with ruin, both in the physical and the moral worlds." —John Muir © Pat O'Hara, 1982
	Bryce Canyon, Utah
	Bryce Canyon, Utah Charles Krebs
	"Gliding on and on, the scenery seemed at every turn to become more lavishly fruitful in forms as well as more sublime in dimensions." —John Muir © Charles Krebs, 1992
	Cape Sebastian, Oregon
	Morning Light, Cape Sebastian Steve Terrill
	"Nature is ever at work building and pulling down, creating and destroying, keeping everything whirling and flowing, allowing no rest but in rhythmical motion, chasing everything in endless song out of one beautiful form into another." —John Muir © Steve Terrill, 1992
	Glacier Bay Region, Alaska
	Glacier Bay Region, Alaska Art Wolfe
	"The inexperienced observer is oppressed by the incomprehensible grandeur, variety, and abundance of the mountains rising shoulder to shoulder beyond the reach of vision; and it is only after they have been studied one by one, long and lovingly, that their far-reaching harmonies become manifest. Then, penetrate the wilderness where you may, the main telling features, to which all the surrounding topography is subordinate, are quickly perceived and the most complicated clusters of peaks stand revealed harmoniously correlated and fashioned like works of art." —John Muir © Art Wolfe, Inc., 1987
	Opal Creek, Oregon
	Opal Creek, Oregon Steve Terrill
	"In the spring, after all the avalanches are down and the snow is melting fast, it is glorious to hear the streams sing out on the mountains. Every fountain swelling, countless rills hurry together to the rivers at the call of the sun—beginning to run and sing soon after sunrise, increasing until toward sundown, then gradually failing through the cold frosty hours of the night." —John Muir © Steve Terrill, 1992
	White Mesa Arch, Arizona
	White Mesa Arch, Arizona David Muench
	"And our admiration must be excited again and again as we toil and study and learn that this vast job of rockwork, so far-reaching in its influences, was done by agents so fragile and small as are these flowers of the mountain clouds." —John Muir © David Muench, 1993
	Robin Lake, Washington
	View from Robin Lake, Washington Keith Lazelle
	"As I lingered, gazing on the vast show, luminous shadowy clouds seemed to increase in glory of color and motion, now fondling the highest peaks with infinite tenderness of touch, now hovering above them like eagles over their nests." —John Muir © Keith Lazelle, 1990
	Death Valley National Monument, California
	Mesquite Flat Sand Dunes Pat O'Hara
	"But when we contemplate the whole globe as one great dewdrop, striped and dotted with continents and islands, flying through space with other stars all singing and shining together as one, the whole universe appears as an infinite storm of beauty." —John Muir © Pat O'Hara, 1981
	Bunchberry Growing Out of Dead Tree
	Bunchberry, Clackamas County, Oregon Steve Terrill
	"How fiercely, devoutly wild is Nature in the midst of her beauty-loving tenderness!—painting lilies, watering them, caressing them with gentle hand, going from flower to flower like a gardener while building rock mountains and cloud mountains full of lightning and rain." —John Muir © Steve Terrill, 1992
	Lone Pine Peak, California
	Lone Pine Peak, Sierra Mountains Pat O'Hara
	"In this flowery wilderness the bees rove and revel, rejoicing in the bounty of the sun, clambering eagerly through bramble and hucklebloom, ringing the myriad bells of the manzanita, now humming aloft among polleny willows and firs, now down on the ashy ground among gilias and buttercups, and anon plunging deep into showy banks of cherry and buckthorn. They consider the lilies and roll into them, and, like lilies, they toil not, for they are impelled by sun-power, as water-wheels by water-power; and when the one has plenty of high-pressure water, the other plenty of sunshine, they hum and quiver alike." —John Muir © Pat O'Hara, 1987
	Heart Lake, New York
	Heart Lake, Adirondack Mountains David Muench
	"The making of gardens and parks goes on with civilization all over the world, and they increase both in size and number as their value is recognized. Everybody needs beauty as well as bread, places to play in and pray in, where Nature may heal and cheer and give strength to body and soul alike. This natural beauty-hunger is made manifest in the little window-sill gardens of the poor, though perhaps only a geranium slip in a broken cup, as well as in the carefully tended rose and lily gardens of the rich, the thousands of spacious city parks and botanical gardens, and in our magnificent National parks." —John Muir © David Muench, 1993
	Maroon Bells-Snowmass Wilderness, Colorado
	Hasley Basin, Colorado Steve Terrill
	"And how fondly they brood and hover over the gardens and forests with their cooling shadows and showers, keeping every petal and leaf in glad health and heart. One may fancy the clouds themselves are plants, springing up in the skyfields at the call of the sun, growing in beauty until they reach their prime, scattering rain and hail like berries and seeds, then wilting and dying." —John Muir © Steve Terrill, 1992
	Monument Valley Tribal Park, Arizona
	Pillars in Sand, Monument Valley David Muench
	"Every rock in its walls seems to glow with life. Some lean back in majestic repose; others, absolutely sheer or nearly so for thousands of feet, advance beyond their companions in thoughtful attitudes, giving welcome to storms and calms alike, seemingly aware, yet heedless, of everything going on about them." —John Muir © David Muench, 1993
	Mt. Shuksan, Washington
	Reflection, Mt. Shuksan Keith Lazelle
	"The small tributaries that do not reach back to the lasting snow fountains of the summit peaks shrink to whispering, tinkling currents. After the snow is gone from the basins, excepting occasional thunder-showers, they are now fed only by small springs whose waters are mostly evaporated in passing over miles of warm pavements, and in feeling their way slowly from pool to pool through the midst of boulders and sand. Even the main rivers are so low they may easily be forded, and their grand falls and cascades, now gently and approachable, have waned to sheets of embroidery." —John Muir © Keith Lazelle, 1990
	Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming
	Jackson Lake, Grand Teton National Park Pat O'Hara
	"And after ten years of wandering and wondering in the heart of it, (I still rejoice) in its glorious floods of light, the white beams of the morning streaming through the passes, the noonday radiance on the crystal rocks, the flush of the alpenglow, and the irised spray of countless waterfalls." —John Muir © Pat O'Hara, 1982
	Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Arizona
	Saguaro Cactus Pat O'Hara
	"So extravagant is Nature with her choicest treasures, spending plant beauty as she spends sunshine, pouring it forth into land and sea, garden and desert. And so the beauty of lilies falls on angels and men, bears and squirrels, wolves and sheep, birds and bees." —John Muir © Pat O'Hara, 1987
	Cherokee National Forest, Tennessee
	Rhododendrons, Roan Mountain Area Pat O'Hara
	"The busy clouds drooped and condensed or dissolved to misty gauze … leaving here and there some lofty headland cut off from all visible connection with the walls, looming alone, dim, spectral, as if belonging to the sky." —John Muir © Pat O'Hara, 1991
	Red Rock Crossing, Arizona
	Red Rock Crossing, Sedona, Arizona Charles Krebs
	"Everything awakening alert and joyful; the birds begin to stir and innumerable insect people. Deer quietly withdraw into leafy hiding-places in the chaparral; the dew vanishes, flowers spread their petals, every pulse beats high, every life cell rejoices, the very rocks seem to thrill with life. The whole landscape glows like a human face in a glory of enthusiasm, and the blue sky, pale around the horizon, bends peacefully down over all like one vast flower." —John Muir © Charles Krebs, 1992
	White Sands, New Mexico
	White Sands, New Mexico Keith Lazelle
	"For the clouds are ripe, the meadows of the sky are in bloom and shed their radiant blossoms like an orchard in the spring. Lightly, lightly they lodge in the brown grasses and in the tasseled needles of the pines, falling hour after hour, day after day, silently, lovingly—all the winds hushed—glancing and circling hither, thither, glinting against one another, rays interlocking in flakes as large as daisies; and then the dry grasses, and the trees, and the stones are equally abloom again." —John Muir © Keith Lazelle, 1989
	Trussum Pond, Sussex County, Delaware
	Trussum Pond, Sussex County, Delaware Steve Terrill
	"There is always something deeply exciting, not only in the sounds of winds in the woods, which exert more or less influence over every mind, but in their varied waterlike flow as manifested by the movements of the trees." —John Muir © Steve Terrill, 1992
	Mt. Hood, Oregon
	View from Lost Lake, Mt. Hood, Oregon Steve Terrill
	"Thus, by forces seemingly antagonistic and destructive, has Mother Nature accomplished her beneficent designs—now a flood of fire, now a flood of ice, now a flood of water; and at length an outburst of organic life, a milky way of snowy petals and wings, girdling the rugged mountain like a cloud, as if the vivifying sunbeams beating against its sides had broken into a foam of plant-bloom and bees, as sea-waves break and bloom on a rock shore." —John Muir © Steve Terrill, 1992
	Naiad Lake, Washington
	Naiad Lake Reflection, Washington Keith Lazelle
	"The rocks … though beautiful in their combinations and collocations of curves and peaks, inflowing and touching delicately, and rising in bold, picturesque groups, are, nevertheless, intensely desolate-looking for want of trees, shrubs, or vegetation dense enough to give color in telling quantities visible at a distance." —John Muir © Keith Lazelle, 1986
	Fall Trees and Pond, Maine
	Fall Trees and Pond, near West Forks, Maine Steve Terrill
	"The influences of pure nature seem to be so little known as yet, that it is generally supposed that complete pleasure of this kind, permeating one's very flesh and bones, unfits the student for scientific pursuits in which cool judgment and observation are required. But the effect is just the opposite. Instead of producing a dissipated condition, the mind is fertilized and stimulated and developed like sun-fed plants." —John Muir © Steve Terrill, 1992
	Lower Yosemite Falls, California
	Lower Yosemite Falls, California Keith Lazelle
	"As it sways and sings in the wind, clad in gauzy, sun-sifted spray, half falling, half floating, it seems infinitely gentle and fine; but the hymns it sings tell the solemn fateful power beneath its soft clothing." —John Muir © Keith Lazelle, 1984
	Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona
	South Rim of the Grand Canyon, Evening Light Pat O'Hara
	"How deathlike is sleep in this mountain air, and quick the awakening into newness of life! A calm dawn, yellow and purple, then floods of sun-gold, making everything tingle and glow." —John Muir © Pat O'Hara, 1982
	Hoh Rain Forest, Washington
	Hoh Rain Forest, Olympic National Park Pat O'Hara
	"Here indeed is the tree-lover's paradise; the woods, dry and wholesome, letting in the light in shimmering masses of half sunshine, half shade; the night air as well as the day air indescribably spicy and exhilarating; plushy fir-boughs for campers; beds, and cascades to sing us to sleep." —John Muir © Pat O'Hara, 1990
	Madrona Leaves on Sandstone, Washington
	Madrona Leaves on Sandstone, Washington Keith Lazelle
	"In tranquil, mellow autumn, when the year's work is about done and the fruits are ripe, birds and seeds out of their nests, and all of the landscape is glowing like a benevolent countenance, then the streams are at their lowest ebb, with scarce a memory left of their wild spring floods." —John Muir © Keith Lazelle, 1987
	Blue Ridge Parkway, North Carolina
	Autumn Ridges, Blue Ridge Parkway David Muench
	"Though of such stupendous depth, these canyons are not gloomy gorges, savage and inaccessible. With rough passages here and there they are flowery pathways conducting to the snowy, icy fountains; mountain streets full of life and light, graded and sculptured by the ancient glaciers, and presenting throughout all their courses a rich variety of novel and attractive scenery." —John Muir © David Muench, 1993
	Letchworth State Park, New York
	Middle Falls at Letchworth State Park Steve Terrill
	"Emerging from this last canyon the stream glides, in flat, lace-like folds, down a smooth incline into a small pool where it seems to rest and compose itself before taking the grand plunge. Then calmly, as if leaving a lake, it slips over the polished lip of the pool down another incline and out over the brow of the precipice in a magnificent curve thick-sown with rainbow spray." —John Muir © Steve Terrill, 1992
	Denali National Park, Alaska
	Dall Sheep, Denali National Park Art Wolfe
	"Then, warned by the sky, wide-awake mountaineers, together with the deer and most of the birds, make haste to the lowlands or foothills; and burrowing marmots, mountain beavers, wood-rats, and other small mountain people, go into winter quarters, some of them not again to see the light of day until the general awakening and resurrection of the spring in June or July." —John Muir © Art Wolfe, 1981
	Seal Rock, Oregon
	Sandstone Design, Seal Rock, Oregon Coast Steve Terrill
	"Tracing shining ways through fiord and sound, past forests and waterfalls, islands and mountains and far azure headlands, it seems as if surely we must at length reach the very paradise of the poets, the abode of the blessed." —John Muir © Steve Terrill, 1992
	Flying Eagle Arch, Utah
	Flying Eagle Arch, Lake Powell, Utah David Muench
	"No rock landscape is more varied in sculpture, none more delicately modeled than these landscapes of the sky; domes and peaks rising, swelling, white as finest marble and firmly outlined, a most impressive manifestation of world building. Every rain-cloud, however fleeting, leaves its mark, not only on trees and flowers whose pulses are quickened, and on the replenished streams and lakes, but also on the rocks are its marks engraved whether we can see them or not." —John Muir © David Muench, 1993
	Mt. Robson, British Columbia
	Mt. Robson with Fireweed, British Columbia Keith Lazelle
	"Now flowing on smooth pavements in sheets thin as glass, now diving under willows and laving their red roots, oozing through green, plushy bogs, splashing over small falls and dancing down slanting cascades, calming again, gliding through patches of smooth glacier meadows with sod of alpine agrostis mixed with blue and white violets and daisies, breaking, tossing among rough boulders and fallen trees, resting in calm pools, flowing together until, all united, they go to their fate with stately, tranquil gestures like a full-grown river." —John Muir © Keith Lazelle, 1991
	Badlands National Park, South Dakota
	View from Big Badlands Overlook Pat O'Hara
	"Standing here in the deep, brooding silence all the wilderness seems motionless, as if the work of creation were done. But in the midst of this outer steadfastness we know there is incessant motion and change." —John Muir © Pat O'Hara, 1992
	Columbia River Gorge, Oregon
	Oneonta Gorge in the Columbia River Gorge Steve Terrill
	"The big river has just room enough to flow and roar obscurely, here and there groping its way as best it can, like a weary, murmuring, overladen traveler trying to escape from the tremendous, bewildering labyrinthic abyss, while its roar serves only to deepen the silence. Instead of being filled with air, the vast space between the walls is crowded with Nature's grandest buildings—a sublime city of them, painted in every color, and adorned with richly fretted cornice and battlement spire and tower in endless variety of style and architecture." —John Muir © Steve Terrill, 1992
	Fall Foliage, Maine
	Fall Foliage, Northern Maine Steve Terrill
	"It was in the Indian summer, when the leaf colors were ripe and the great cliffs and domes were transfigured in the hazy golden air …. The voice of fall was now low, and the grand spring and summer floods had waned to sifting, drifting gauze and thin-broidered folds of linked and arrowy lace-work." —John Muir © Steve Terrill, 1992
	Crested Butte Mountain, Colorado
	Crested Butte Mountain and Peanut Lake, Colorado Steve Terrill
	"How delightful it is, and how it makes one's pulses bound to get back into this reviving northland wilderness! How truly wild it is, and how joyously one's heart responds to the welcome it gives, its waters and mountains shining and glowing like enthusiastic human faces!" —John Muir © Steve Terrill, 1992
	Mono Lake, California
	Mono Lake, California Charles Krebs
	"Nature's sublime wonderlands, the admiration and joy of the world." —John Muir © Charles Krebs, 1992
	Mt. Robson, British Columbia
	Mt. Robson, British Columbia Keith Lazelle
	"At the touch of this divine light, the mountains seemed to kindle to a rapt, religious consciousness, and stood hushed and waiting like devout worshippers." —John Muir © Keith Lazelle, 1991
	Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park, Utah
	Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park, Utah Pat O'Hara
	"One is constantly reminded of the infinite lavishness and fertility of Nature—inexhaustible abundance amid what seems enormous waste. And yet when we look into any of her operations that lie within reach of our minds, we learn that no particle of her material is wasted or worn out. It is eternally flowing from use to use, beauty to yet higher beauty; and we soon cease to lament waste and death, and rather rejoice and exult in the imperishable, unspendable wealth of the universe, and faithfully watch and wait the reappearance of everything that melts and fades and dies about us, feeling sure that its next appearance will be better and more beautiful than the last." —John Muir © Pat O'Hara, 1988
	Sawtooth Wilderness, Idaho
	Twin Lakes, Sawtooth Wilderness, Idaho Pat O'Hara
	"Early in the forenoon the clouds had lifted and the sun had come out, revealing a host of noble mountains, grandly sculptured and composed, and robed in spotless white, some of the highest adorned with streamers of mealy snow wavering in the wind—a truly glorious spectacle." —John Muir © Pat O'Hara, 1982
	Zion National Park, Utah
	Zion National Park, Utah Pat O'Hara
	"When we try to pick out anything by itself, we find it hitched to everything else in the universe. One fancies a heart like our own must be beating in every crystal and cell, and we feel like stopping to speak to the plants and animals as friendly fellow mountaineers. Nature as poet, and enthusiastic workingman, becomes more and more visible the farther and higher we go; for the mountains are fountains—beginning places, however related to sources beyond mortal ken." —John Muir © Pat O'Hara, 1980
	Fall Foliage, Vermont
	Fall Foliage near Saint Johnsbury, Vermont Steve Terrill
	"A grand, red, rosy, crimson day—a perfect glory of a day. What it means I don't know. It is the first marked change from tranquil sunshine with purple mornings and evenings and still, white noons." —John Muir © Steve Terrill, 1992

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	Earth from Apollo 17
	Earth from Apollo 17
	Of all the dozens of planets and moons in our solar system, only one supports life: Earth. Our planet is a delicate island of life alone in the vast, harsh sea of space—a fact that is best appreciated from afar. For example, as the astronauts of Apollo 17 headed home after the final lunar-landing mission in December 1972, they snapped this beautiful image of Africa, Antarctica, and the Indian Ocean. The photograph clearly shows the Sahara Desert (top), the lush Congo, and dozens of weather systems rippling through our life-sustaining atmosphere. Photograph courtesy of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
	Optical Photo of M20, the Trifid Nebula
	Optical Photo of M20, the Trifid Nebula
	This pretty cosmic flower is the Trifid Nebula, a vast cloud of interstellar gas and dust. Gas glows pink or red, while cooler dust forms dark streaks across the nebula. Near the center of the Trifid Nebula is a triple star system—three stars that move through space together, bound in perpetual troth by their mutual gravitational attraction. © Ward's Scientific/Photo Researchers, Inc.
	The Sun: A Looping Prominence
	The Sun: A Looping Prominence
	The surface temperature of our Sun averages a toasty 11,000 degrees Fahrenheit. But dark magnetic "storms" about 2,000 degrees cooler than their surroundings mar its surface. These storms trigger giant "prominences" that spray radiation and subatomic particles throughout the solar system. The prominence pictured here follows the contours of a powerful magnetic field from one sunspot to another, creating a bright, hot loop above the Sun's surface. © Ward's Scientific/Science Source/Photo Researchers, Inc.
	Peculiar Spiral Galaxy NGC 1097
	Peculiar Spiral Galaxy NGC 1097
	The bright hearts of spiral galaxies are forbidding places. They may harbor giant black holes—objects so densely packed that not even light can escape their crushing gravitational grip. The core of this unusual galaxy, NGC 1097 (shown here in a computer-enhanced view), may be a case in point. Wispy jets of hot gas stream from the galaxy's core. The jets might be the remains of stars that spiraled too close to the black hole, only to be ripped apart by its powerful gravity, then hurled away from the core by strong magnetic fields. © Dr. Jean Lorre/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.
	Eclipse Above Stonehenge
	Eclipse Above Stonehenge
	More than 4,000 years ago, an ancient culture erected a mammoth ring of stones in present-day England to help mark the changing seasons. The site, called Stonehenge, might have served as an astronomical observatory, perhaps even allowing its builders to predict eclipses. Historians don't know for sure what rituals might have taken place at Stonehenge during ancient eclipses. Here, the remaining boulders of Stonehenge—some of them weighing as much as 50 tons—form silhouettes against the impressive sight of a solar eclipse. © Fred Espenak/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.
	Jupiter
	Jupiter
	The giant of the solar system, Jupiter measures about 88,000 miles in diameter—11 times greater than Earth's diameter. This ball of hydrogen and helium gas rotates on its axis so quickly that its clouds spread into broad belts that completely encircle the planet. This planetary giant houses another giant: the solar system's largest storm, named the Great Red Spot. Photograph courtesy of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
	The Great Red Spot
	The Great Red Spot
	The solar system's biggest blow-out is Jupiter's Great Red Spot, first seen in 1664. In more than 300 years of observations, the size and color of this monstrous hurricane have varied, but the Great Red Spot has never disappeared. A storm befitting the solar system's largest planet, the Great Red Spot is wide enough to swallow three Earths, and winds reach 1,000 miles an hour at its rim. Photograph courtesy of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
	Ganymede
	Ganymede
	Ganymede, the solar system's largest moon, is a 4.5-billion-year-old iceball. Like a frozen confection, a layer of ice 600 miles thick surrounds its small, rocky core. The moon's most prominent feature, Galileo Regio, forms the dark circular area that covers the upper-right quadrant in this Voyager 1 photo. Galileo Regio probably is the oldest portion of Ganymede's crust. Photograph courtesy of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
	Pele: Io's Largest Volcano
	Pele: Io's Largest Volcano
	Io, one of the largest moons of Jupiter, is one of the most active bodies in the solar system. Giant volcanoes—including this one named Pele—belch tall plumes of sulfur. Some sulfur escapes Io entirely to form a doughnut-shaped ring around Jupiter. Observations by ground-based telescopes indicate that Pele remains active, just as it was when the Voyager probes glimpsed it in 1979. © U.S. Geological Survey/NASA/Science Source/Photo Researchers, Inc.
	Jupiter's Galilean Satellites
	Jupiter's Galilean Satellites
	In 1610, the great Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei turned the universe inside out. Using a small, crude telescope, he discovered four moons orbiting the planet Jupiter. The moons (clockwise from top left) are Io, Europa, Callisto, and Ganymede. Collectively, they're called the Galilean satellites in the astronomer's honor. Religious dogma of the day held that all celestial objects orbited Earth. By proving Jupiter the center of its own system of moons, Galileo disproved that belief. The Inquisition forced him to recant his findings, and he spent the final years of his life under house arrest. Galileo's crime? He endangered the existing religious and social order by finding new order in the heavens. Photograph courtesy of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
	Landsat Photo of the Amazon Basin
	Landsat Photo of the Amazon Basin
	Maps of remote, sparsely populated regions are sometimes sketchy, but satellite photos can fill in some of the blanks. This picture, snapped by the Landsat spacecraft, shows details of the Amazon River at its junction with the Rio Negro. Similar photos help scientists track the destruction of the giant Amazon rainforest. © Earth Satellite Corporation/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.
	Comet West, March 9, 1976
	Comet West, March 9, 1976
	Comets are tiny, no more than a few miles in diameter, yet their tails can stretch across hundreds of thousands of miles. Comets actually sprout two tails. One contains dust (white in this 1976 photo of Comet West), while the other contains gas. The Sun causes the two tails to point in slightly different directions. © Rev. Ronald Royer/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.
	Comet Halley, March 4, 1986
	Comet Halley, March 4, 1986
	For more than a hundred generations, this was the most terrifying object in the solar system: Halley's Comet. Until modern times, comets were considered omens of evil. Because it visited Earth's skies more often than any other comet, Halley was the most feared. Today, we know that Halley—shown here in an image computer-enhanced to bring out subtle details in its tail—is little more than a "dirty snowball" that sprouts a bright, beautiful tail every time it sails near the Sun. Next scheduled appearance: 2061. © Royal Observatory/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.
	GOES Image of North America
	GOES Image of North America
	One of the great inventions of the Space Age is the weather satellite. With the aid of these high-flying eyes, meteorologists track hurricanes and other weather systems as they develop. This image, snapped by one of the GOES series of weather satellites, shows several storm systems, including one over Central America and another just off the eastern Canadian coast. © Earth Satellite Corporation/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.
	Antares and Gas Clouds
	Antares and Gas Clouds
	To take a star's temperature, just look at its color. For example, the red color of the large star (named Antares) at the lower-right part of this photo indicates a surface temperature of about 5,000 degrees. Compare that to our hotter yellow Sun, at about 11,000 degrees Fahrenheit. Color also tells astronomers a great deal about the clouds of gas and dust between the stars. A pink or red cloud, called a nebula, glows like a neon light, the result of extra energy pumped into the cloud by nearby hot stars. A blue nebula, on the other hand, merely reflects the light of nearby stars, much like the bottom of an Earthly cloud illuminated by the glow of city lights. © Royal Observatory, Edinburgh/AATB/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.
	Saturn
	Saturn
	Beautiful, ringed Saturn is the planetary equivalent of a cork: If you could drop it into a giant ocean, it would float. That's because Saturn is composed almost entirely of hydrogen, the lightest chemical element. Its low density gives Saturn a bit of a spare tire around the waist. As Saturn spins on its axis, centrifugal force pushes material inside the loosely packed planet outward, making Saturn about 9,000 miles thicker through its equator than through its poles. Photograph courtesy of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
	Saturn's Rings
	Saturn's Rings
	For centuries, astronomers thought a few broad but widely separated rings encircled Saturn, but this Voyager photograph shows thousands of individual rings. Combined, the rings measure about 150,000 miles wide, but only a few feet thick. The seemingly delicate rings really contain countless pieces of ice and rock—some as small as a snowflake, others as big as a house. Photograph courtesy of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
	Earthrise
	Earthrise
	Because the same half of the Moon always faces Earth, our planet can never rise or set for viewers on the Moon's surface. There's only one way to see Earth rise above the surface of the moon, and that's from lunar orbit. Only 24 humans have witnessed Earthrise. They were Apollo astronauts, like the three-man crew of Apollo 10 that snapped this photo. © Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.
	Tycho's Supernova
	Tycho's Supernova
	One evening as he walked home to supper in 1604, the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe noticed a bright new star in the heavens—a star so bright that it was visible during daylight. The star really wasn't new, though. Instead, it was a supernova, or a cataclysmic explosion that blasted a "normal" star to smithereens. Today, radio telescopes give astronomers electronic "ears" to listen to radio waves and study what remains of the supernova—a giant shell of hot gas that's expanding at several thousand miles an hour. © Dr. Steve Gull and John Fielden/Photo Researchers, Inc.
	Solar Prominence
	Solar Prominence
	Our Sun is a seething cauldron of superhot gases. Occasionally, the cauldron bubbles over, and geysers of hot gas, called solar prominences, erupt into space. The prominence in this photograph extends more than 200,000 miles from the Sun's surface—a distance equal to 25 Earths stacked atop one another. © Hale Observatories/Science Source/Photo Researchers, Inc.
	Orion Nebula
	Orion Nebula
	Some of the most beautiful celestial objects are bare wisps of nothingness. One example is the Orion Nebula, a colorful cloud of gas and dust in the constellation Orion. Although it shines brightly in this photograph, the nebula is little more than a vacuum. But several hot, young, bright stars inside the nebula make it glow like a gigantic neon light—a wispy beacon that's visible across 1,500 light-years of space. © Ward's Scientific/Photo Researchers, Inc.
	Full Moon
	Full Moon
	Of all the sights in our night sky, none is more impressive than the full Moon. But as time passes, the view is becoming less and less impressive. That's because the Moon is moving away from Earth at a rate of about an inch and a half per year. At the same time, the length of Earth's day is increasing. Sometime in the far distant future, the length of the day will exactly match the time it takes the Moon to orbit our planet. When that happens, the Moon will remain suspended in Earth's sky, never to rise or set again. © John Sanford/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.
	Bootprint on the Moon
	Bootprint on the Moon
	A million years from now, or 10 million, or perhaps even 100 million, this bootprint will still look sharp and fresh because the Moon has no wind or rain to wipe it away. One of Neil Armstrong's first steps on the surface of the Moon left this mark on July 20, 1969. In all, 12 American astronauts trotted across the stark lunar landscape. The last to leave its surface, Eugene Cernan, departed in December 1972. Hundreds of years from now, lunar tourists might follow the tracks of these first lunar explorers. Photograph courtesy of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
	Galaxy M33
	Galaxy M33
	We live inside a vast "island universe" of stars called the Milky Way Galaxy. As a "spiral galaxy," the Milky Way resembles a cosmic pinwheel, with a series of delicate spiral arms encircling a bright, fat core. From inside the galactic disk, we can't see the Milky Way's structure. But if we could see it from afar, the Milky Way would look much like this galaxy, M33, which is about 2.4 million light-years from Earth. Both M33 and the Milky Way are members of the Local Group, a collection of galaxies that move through space together. © Dr. Jean Lorre/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.
	Neptune
	Neptune
	As Voyager 2 stared at Neptune when it raced past the planet in August 1989, Neptune stared back. Like Jupiter, the planet is dominated by a monstrous storm, in this case a storm big enough to swallow Earth. Jupiter's storm is called the Great Red Spot, so astronomers decided to call Neptune's storm the Great Dark Spot. Heat deep inside the planet's interior feeds the storm. Wispy white clouds in the upper reaches of Neptune's atmosphere accompany the Great Dark Spot. Photograph courtesy of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
	Triton
	Triton
	This is the coldest spot in the solar system: Triton, the largest moon of Neptune. Almost 400 degrees below zero Fahrenheit, the moon's surface is solid ice covered by a pink methane frost. Because Triton orbits backwards around Neptune, many astronomers suggest that Triton formed elsewhere in the solar system, only to be captured by the giant planet. The unusual orbit dooms Triton to an early death: In 100 million years or so, it will spiral so close to Neptune that the planet's gravity will rip it apart. Eventually, the moon's remains will form a spectacular system of rings. Photograph courtesy of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
	Europe from Space
	Europe from Space
	The only boundaries visible from space are natural ones: oceans, seas, mountain chains, and other features. In this false-color image of Europe, for example, the Pyrenees mountains separate Spain from France, while the Alps mark the northern edge of Italy. © European Space Agency/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.
	Venus in Ultraviolet
	Venus in Ultraviolet
	Venus is named for the Roman goddess of beauty, but it's not a pretty place to visit. Sulfuric-acid clouds completely blanket the planet, hiding its surface from view. The temperature at the surface is a sizzling 900 degrees Fahrenheit, and the atmospheric pressure is 90 times greater than Earth's. As a result, no spacecraft has ever survived at the Venusian surface for more than a few minutes. Photograph courtesy of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
	Region Around the Horsehead Nebula
	Region Around the Horsehead Nebula
	One of the easiest constellations to find, Orion is also one of the most interesting to study. Part of its beauty comes from Orion's Belt, a short line of three bright stars marking the constellation's center. The belt's easternmost star, Alnitak, shines brightly at the left of this image. It appears near the Horsehead Nebula, two clouds of interstellar gas and dust that form the dark outline of a horse's head. The horsehead itself spans about one light-year—almost six trillion miles. © Royal Observatory, Edinburgh/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.
	Spiral Galaxy M81
	Spiral Galaxy M81
	Once every few years, a celestial discovery sends astronomers scrambling for their telescopes. In March 1993, one such discovery took place in this spiral galaxy, called M81. The event? A supernova explosion—a blast so powerful that it ripped a giant star to shreds. The supernova was clearly visible across the 10 million light-years that separate Earth and M81. The explosion might have left a bit of cosmic ash, such as a neutron star. © George Fowler/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.
	Shuttle Discovery: Return to Space
	Shuttle Discovery: Return to Space
	Space shuttle Discovery awaits the first shuttle launch since the destruction of Challenger more than 32 months earlier. With new booster rockets and more than 400 other improvements, Discovery safely put the American shuttle program back in business on September 29, 1988. © Hank Morgan/Photo Researchers, Inc.
	Mars with Starfield
	Mars with Starfield
	Orson Welles once scared the pants off America by broadcasting a mock invasion from Mars. In future centuries, Earthlings are likely to invade Mars instead. Aside from Earth, Mars is the most hospitable planet in the solar system, with a thin atmosphere, bearable (if frigid) temperatures, and frozen water locked in its polar ice caps. Centuries from now, people might melt the ice caps to transform Mars into a warm, wet world—a second home for humanity and a stepping stone to the stars. © Chris Bjornberg/Photo Researchers, Inc.
	Olympus Mons Caldera
	Olympus Mons Caldera
	Millions of years ago, Olympus Mons belched billions of tons of molten rock onto the stark surface of Mars. Today, this giant volcano is extinct, but its caldera—the pit at the top of the volcano—is clearly visible. The caldera actually consists of two separate pits, indicating that the volcano flared to life twice. Stretching about 70 miles across, the caldera is so wide that you couldn't see the opposite side if you stood atop the rim. Photograph courtesy of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
	Candor Chasma
	Candor Chasma
	Mars is a desert planet, with only a tiny amount of water frozen in its icecaps or suspended as water vapor in its thin atmosphere. But several billion years ago, giant rivers and seas probably criss-crossed the Red Planet. Scientists see traces of these ancient waterways in such features as Candor Chasma, which looks like it was carved by a lake. Photograph courtesy of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
	Viking 2 Lander View with Frost
	Viking 2 Lander View with Frost
	It's always sweater weather on Mars. Temperatures almost never climb above freezing. During the harsh winter in the southern hemisphere, the temperature can plunge to more than 200 degrees below zero Fahrenheit. The planet's thin atmosphere holds just enough water vapor to create frost, such as that blanketing the Utopian Plains where Viking 2 landed in 1976. Photograph courtesy of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
	Alone in Orbit
	Alone in Orbit
	Two spacecraft orbited Earth during this February 1984 space shuttle mission. One was the shuttle Challenger. The other was astronaut Bruce McCandless, who became the first human to fly free of his ship. During all prior American and Soviet spacewalks, the astronaut or cosmonaut remained connected to the mothership by a lifeline. However, McCandless successfully tested the Manned Maneuvering Unit—a Buck Rogers-style backpack that uses small gas jets to push the astronaut through space. © NASA/Science Source/Photo Researchers, Inc.
	Aurora Borealis
	Aurora Borealis
	The Sun might not shine on the frozen north during the long winter months, but it makes its presence known. The aurora borealis fills the sky with shimmering sheets of color—reds, blues, and greens dancing like cosmic veils. The northern lights (and similar displays in the southern hemisphere) occur when electrically charged particles from the Sun bombard the Earth. In turn, Earth's magnetic field directs the particles toward the magnetic poles, where they ram into atoms high above our planet's surface. This atomic "kick" causes the atoms to glow, giving skywatchers a thrilling light show. © Jack Finch/Science Photo Library/Science Source/Photo Researchers, Inc.
	Uranus
	Uranus
	To human eyes, the planet Uranus looks like a featureless blue-green orb, like a giant Christmas-tree ornament. The color results from frozen methane, which absorbs red light, high in the planet's atmosphere. Fortunately, though, scientists aren't limited to what their eyes can see. As the image at right demonstrates, computer processing can highlight subtle differences, allowing scientists to learn even more about Uranus and its frigid atmosphere. Photograph courtesy of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
	Blue Planet
	Blue Planet
	Earth is a world of water. More than 70 percent of our planet's surface is covered by oceans; the largest, the Pacific, dominates this satellite photo of much of the western hemisphere. The oceans provide moisture for the storm systems that rake Earth's land masses. Because they store heat, they also act as thermostats, regulating temperatures in our atmosphere. © Earth Satellite Corporation/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.
	Mercury
	Mercury
	No, this isn't the Moon. It's a Mariner 10 view of Mercury, the planet nearest the Sun. Mercury is similar to our Moon, though—a waterless, airless world covered with thousands of impact craters. Because it's so close to the Sun, Mercury is hotter than the Moon, with daytime temperatures at the equator soaring to 700 degrees Fahrenheit. Even so, astronomers have detected possible ice caps at Mercury's north and south poles. © NASA/Mark Marten/Photo Researchers, Inc.
	Solar Max Studies of the Sun's Corona
	Solar Max Studies of the Sun's Corona
	This psychedelic image is the Sun's corona, a tenuous outer atmosphere where temperatures can reach three million degrees. The Solar Maximum Mission satellite—Solar Max for short—used electronic instruments to capture this image, which was computer-enhanced to show highlights in the corona's structure. © NASA/Science Source/Photo Researchers, Inc.
	Repairs in Orbit
	Repairs in Orbit
	Sometimes things work right, sometimes they don't. In April 1985, astronauts deployed a communications satellite from the space shuttle Discovery. But the satellite didn't work, so two crew members tried to turn it on during a three-hour spacewalk. Here, astronauts Jeffrey Hoffman (left) and S. David Griggs (right) attach some of their equipment to a Canadian-built robot arm. The astronauts flipped the right switch, but the satellite still didn't work. Another shuttle crew completed the repairs four months later. © NASA/Science Source/Photo Researchers, Inc.
	Horsehead Nebula
	Horsehead Nebula
	When we watch clouds roll by on a lazy summer afternoon, we often "see" familiar objects in their shapes. The same thing happens when we watch vast clouds of interstellar gas and dust. One example is the Horsehead Nebula—the dark silhouette of a horse's head against a bright background. Like a neon sign, the bright region glows brightly as stars inside the nebula pump energy into the gas. The darker region, called the horsehead, consists of colder material located between Earth and the bright gas cloud. This cold dust blocks our view of the light beyond, creating an interesting picture among the stars. © Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.
	Total Solar Eclipse, Mexico; July 11, 1991
	Total Solar Eclipse, Mexico; July 11, 1991
	A total solar eclipse offers both a marvelous astronomical coincidence and a marvelous astronomical laboratory. An eclipse is possible because, although the Sun is 400 times larger than the Moon, it's also 400 times farther from us. So when the Moon passes directly between Earth and the Sun, it blocks our star's light for a few minutes. As it does, the Sun's hot outer atmosphere, called the corona, glows brightly around the dark hole in the daytime sky, allowing astronomers to study it in great detail. © John Sanford/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.
	A Spectacular Aurora
	A Spectacular Aurora
	The northern lights (aurora borealis) often look close enough to touch. Really, though, these curtains of light are at least 100 miles above Earth's surface, where they extend several hundred miles into space. Most of the time, only far-northern latitudes enjoy the dazzling spectacle of the northern lights. But when the Sun is especially active, spewing huge doses of electrically charged particles into space, skywatchers as far south as Texas might see the aurora borealis, too. © Pekka Parviainen/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.
	Whirlpool Galaxy (M51)
	Whirlpool Galaxy (M51)
	Few celestial sights are more impressive than this one—the Whirlpool Galaxy, a large spiral galaxy that's just south of the handle of the Big Dipper. It is a virtual twin to our own galaxy, the Milky Way. A spiral galaxy gets its distinctive whirlpool appearance from hot, bright, young stars that form in the spiral arms. The dark areas between the arms contain stars, too, but the stars are older, cooler, and fainter than the ones inside the arms. © National Radio Astronomy Observatory/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.
	Halley's Comet
	Halley's Comet
	Look! It's Halley's Comet! When the fabled comet last swept through Earth's region of the solar system in 1986, spacecraft from Europe, the Soviet Union, and Japan studied the comet from close range. They returned important information about its size, structure, and composition. But perhaps the best way to enjoy Halley—or any comet, for that matter—is from Earth, where it looks like a cosmic missile racing through the night sky. © Bill Longcore/Science Source/Photo Researchers, Inc.
	The Sun in Ultraviolet
	The Sun in Ultraviolet
	The surface of our sun is violent. Dark, cool magnetic storms—called sunspots—race across its surface. Sometimes, sunspots trigger solar flares—hot geysers like the one at the top of this photo that blast radiation and energetic particles into space. This image, recorded by Skylab astronauts in 1973, shows the Sun in ultraviolet wavelengths, which are invisible to human eyes. Computers assigned different colors to different wavelengths to create the image. © NASA/Science Source/Photo Researchers, Inc.

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Microsoft Scenes 2.0

Brain Twister Collection
	Red Blood Cells
	Dr. Dennis Kunkel/Phototake
	We've all seen it before and some even faint at the sight of it. Luckily, when magnified 430 times with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), it's not quite as shocking as when gushing from a wound. The primary role of these red blood cells is to carry oxygen to the body. Blood is composed of red and white cells and platelets, but these rouge beauties are by far the most numerous. Red cells are produced in the bone marrow and contain mostly hemoglobin, a protein that carries oxygen. After a life of about four months, they break up and are destroyed by white cells through a process known as phagocytosis.
	Rhodochrosite (Manganese Spar)
	Manfred Kage/Peter Arnold, Inc.
	Rhodochrosite (from the Greek words "rhodon" for rose and "khrosis" for color) is a naturally occurring, impure manganese carbonate (MnCO3). Having a light-pink to rose-red color, it shines with a pearly or glassy luster. Rhodochrosite is often used as a manganese ore.
	The Tackle Stereogram
	Brian Small/Small Wonders
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Brian Small is the owner of Small Wonders 3D Art in Orlando, Florida. The 24-year-old artist recently graduated from the University of Central Florida with a degree in computer science, specializing in computer graphics. He uses a special coloring process to make his stereograms unique. Additional stereograms made by Brian are available in a book ("Another Dimension," 21st Century Publishing) and on T-shirts, posters and postcards. For book and poster information please contact Brian at: Small Wonders 5730 Tamarack Drive Orlando, FL 32819 (407) 352-8348
	Screen of Electric Razor
	Manfred Kage/Peter Arnold, Inc
	This electric razor screen appears to have eager mouths waiting to gobble up unsightly stubble and whisk the operator into the ranks of the clean-shaven.
	Weathered Sign
	David Y. Watanabe/AllStock
	This decrepit object has seen better days. Perhaps it is a worn road sign. What looks like an "8" and what could be a "0" are there, but when was the speed limit 80 miles per hour? Actually, it is a rusted and faded sign, though no one is sure any longer what it once said. It is located in Pioneer Square, Seattle, Washington.
	Painted Hills of Oregon
	Randy Wells/AllStock
	The soft red and bright yellow colors of the painted hills in Oregon leave little doubt about how the hills got their name. Although this area of Wheeler County in north-central Oregon gets very little precipitation (about 12 inches a year), there is still enough liquid for these plants to bloom during the short spring. The yellow flowers take root in areas of greatest moisture, namely the small canyons on the hillside.
	Daisy Pollen
	Manfred Kage/Peter Arnold, Inc
	This rare view of daisy pollen was captured by a scanning electron microscope (4200 times magnification). Daisies propagate when pollen from the anther (male) meets the stigma of the pistil (female). The sticky spikes on this daisy pollen are covered with a protein that recognizes a matching protein on a female. Many flowers rely on the wind or animals to deliver pollen from one plant to another of the same species. This is known as cross-pollination.
	Erosion Pockets in Basalt
	Paul Harris/AllStock
	Relentless rain, crashing waves, and ever-present tides erode this once solid piece of basalt on Sooes Beach in Olympic National Park in Washington. What remains are pockets of sand with a metallic gold luster. The coastal portion of Olympic National Park encompasses some 50 miles of rugged and pristine Pacific waterfront. Many types of terrain are here: stretches of beach made of fine-grain sand, cliff-backed beaches of coarse-grain sand, and slippery boulders covered with seaweed, barnacles, and anemones.
	Lunar Sample from Apollo 12
	Manfred Kage/Peter Arnold, Inc
	Like the cathedral stained glass it resembles, this moon rock inspires contemplation of the heavens. It is a lunar sample taken by Apollo 12 that has been thinly sliced and magnified 100 times under polarized light.
	Shark Encounter Stereogram
	Brian Small/Small Wonders
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Brian Small is the owner of Small Wonders 3D Art in Orlando, Florida. The 24-year-old artist recently graduated from the University of Central Florida with a degree in computer science, specializing in computer graphics. He uses a special coloring process to make his stereograms unique. Additional stereograms made by Brian are available in a book ("Another Dimension," 21st Century Publishing) and on T-shirts, posters, and postcards. For book and poster information please contact Brian at: Small Wonders 5730 Tamarack Drive Orlando, FL 32819 (407) 352-8348
	Batteries
	Will McIntyre/AllStock
	This stack of instant electricity is ready for action. Batteries contain metallic plates dipped in an electrolyte. A chemical reaction between the plates generates electric current. Unfortunately, some batteries contain toxic metals such as cadmium and mercury. Therefore, when spent, batteries should be properly disposed of to prevent contamination.
	Neomycin Sulfate
	David Gnizak/Phototake
	If you've ever had an earache that wouldn't go away, you may have already seen this aqueous solution. Neomycin sulfate is an antibiotic used for the treatment of bacterial infections in the auditory canal.
	Javanese Leaf Insect
	Art Wolfe/AllStock
	Can you tell which "leaf" is actually a predatory insect artfully camouflaged to trap unsuspecting victims? For this Javanese Leaf Mantid's intended prey, the ability to make this distinction is a matter of life or death.
	Dopamine
	Dr. Dennis Kunkel/ Phototake
	A microscopic look at dopamine shows off every color of the rainbow. Dopamine is a central nervous system neurotransmitter produced by the human body. It has been used medically to help with Parkinson's disease, manganese poisoning, and in the treatment of shock.
	Velcro (TM)
	Manfred Kage/Peter Arnold Inc.
	The top and bottom loops are doing their best to get together. Once they do, they won't split up without a fight. These loops make up the separate halves of Velcro, the miracle fiber that threatens to make shoelaces obsolete. Magnified 8 times.
	Goldfish Scale
	Dr. Dennis Kunkel/Phototake
	What looks like a complex maze is actually a scale of a goldfish magnified 7,600 times by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Could it be that, like the human fingerprint, each goldfish has a unique "fin" print?
	Liquid Metal Teapot Stereogram
	Brian Small/Small Wonders
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Brian Small is the owner of Small Wonders 3D Art in Orlando, Florida. The 24-year-old artist recently graduated from the University of Central Florida with a degree in computer science, specializing in computer graphics. He uses a special coloring process to make his stereograms unique. Additional stereograms made by Brian are available in a book ("Another Dimension," 21st Century Publishing) and on T-shirts, posters and postcards. For book and poster information please contact Brian at: Small Wonders 5730 Tamarack Drive Orlando, FL 32819 (407) 352-8348
	Tunable Semiconductor Laser
	Manfred Kage/Peter Arnold Inc.
	A laser, in which a semiconductor lasing element emits a coherent beam of light and whose output frequency is adjustable across a wide range.
	Glass Jellyfish
	Norbert Wu
	A tiny glass jellyfish (Aglantha digitale) reflects light in varying hues. Jellyfish consist of a bell, a stomach, reproductive organs beneath the bell, and a ring of stinging tentacles around the bell edges. Most jellyfish have two stages in their lives. "Medusa" is the free-swimming stage shown here. The medusa reproduce sexually. The larvae then settle on rocks and pilings. This is the polyp stage. Polyps resemble anemones; tiny jellies grow from the polyps, and then drift away. Location: Greenland Sea.
	Riboflavin Vitamin B2
	Dr. Dennis Kunkel/Phototake
	When Mom told you to take your vitamins, she probably didn't realize they look like this. This is the crystal structure of vitamin B2, or riboflavin. The crystal is sensitive to ultraviolet light, so foods containing it should be protected from sunlight. Riboflavin is absorbed by the small intestine and stimulates energy production. Brewer's yeast provides a rich, natural source of the vitamin.
	Gumballs Stereogram
	Brian Small/Small Wonders
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Brian Small is the owner of Small Wonders 3D Art in Orlando, Florida. The 24-year-old artist recently graduated from the University of Central Florida with a degree in computer science, specializing in computer graphics. He uses a special coloring process to make his stereograms unique. Additional stereograms made by Brian are available in a book ("Another Dimension," 21st Century Publishing) and on T-shirts, posters and postcards. For book and poster information please contact Brian at: Small Wonders 5730 Tamarack Drive Orlando, FL 32819 (407) 352-8348
	Diamond crystal
	J&L Weber/Peter Arnold, Inc.
	The wonder of a diamond crystal is captured under a microscope using polarized light. Due to birefringence (double refraction), some minerals will exhibit characteristic shapes (such as these triangular patterns) under light that has been reduced to one plane.
	Spider Chelicerae
	Jean-Claude Revy/Phototake
	Dueling microscopic walruses? Not quite. Although this spider appears to have tusks, they are actually poison fangs, or chelicerae. The chelicerae are the first pair of appendages near the mouth of a spider or other arachnid, such as scorpion, mite, or tick. To avoid nightmares, remember what you see has been magnified 22 times.
	Scratch on a Record
	Volker Steger/ Peter Arnold, Inc
	This interference contrast (magnified 120 times) shows what happens if you don't handle your record albums with care. It's easy to see why the needle has a hard time passing over scratches on a record. Even in the unscratched regions, grooves are imprecise. No wonder the sound quality of a compact disc is higher.
	Sandstone
	Dewitt Jones Prod./AllStock
	The patterns in this sandstone tell the long and stormy history of its desert locale. The desert wind and rains have crafted the wall as carefully as an artist sculpting a statue. The weather has washed away the softer, soluble stone, leaving the harder material behind.
	Reflections in Office Building Windows
	Rich Iwasaki/AllStock
	An office building in downtown Portland, Oregon, reflects in the windows of another office building in morning light. The photographer was attracted to the purely abstract patterns, which he isolated by using a 300mm telephoto lens.
	Vitamin C
	Manfred Kage/Peter Arnold, Inc.
	This vibrant, crystalline form of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) shows off some of the vitamin's beauty. Vitamin C saved untold lives of sailors when it was found that citrus fruits could cure and prevent scurvy, a disease that causes severe bleeding, debilitating weakness, and death. Later, British sailors were nicknamed "limeys" because they knew a lime a day would keep scurvy away. Many people now claim ascorbic acid can cure the common cold, the flu, and even cancer. This image was magnified 10 times under a microscope using a polarized light source.
	Deep Sea Swallower
	Norbert Wu/ALLSTOCK
	The serpent-like deep sea swallower (saccopharynx lavenbergi) opens its massive, hinged mouth like a garbage truck to swallow prey. Many fish that prowl the deep have developed huge fangs, hinged mouths, and tremendously expandable stomachs to accommodate large meals. This fish was seen in the Pacific Ocean off Guadalupe Island, Mexico.
	Retrovirus
	Yoav-Simon/Phototake
	This graceful moon caught orbiting a planet is actually something much more ominous. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) has captured the protein core of a retrovirus moving toward a pore hole in the nucleus of a host cell (lower left). The protein core enables the conversion of nucleic acid from the virus (in the form of RNA) into DNA to match the host cell genes. Thus, the virus replicates. Some retroviruses are known to contain at least 20 different genes that can cause cancer (oncogenes).
	Chameleon
	Art Wolfe/AllStock
	This close-up of the skin of a panther chameleon reveals that this lizard from Madagascar is in a calm state. These reptiles change colors to communicate with other chameleons. When threatened, they change much of their body from green to bright red and yellow. Other patterns signal readiness to mate, the marking of territory, or conceding defeat.
	Madrona Bark
	Stephen Cooper/ALLSTOCK
	The dry, brittle bark of the Madrona is often cracked and curled, revealing smooth, orange wood. This hardy evergreen tree with leathery leaves, yellow flowers, and orange-red fruit is a North American native and ranges from British Columbia to California. This hardy tree, which loves the coastal regions, flourishes during hot, dry summers and thrives on cruel, wet, winter winds. In harsh surroundings, it is usually short and twisted, while in protected areas it can be straight and tall.
	Millipede
	Art Wolfe/AllStock
	This millipede (opisthospermorpha species), is characterized by a cylindrical body composed of more than 100 segments, each having two pairs of legs. Millipedes feed on decaying plant material which, when fragmented by them, is more easily broken down by micro-organisms. This image shows the millipede coiled in self-defense, when uncoiled it would measure 12 inches in length. Photographed in Madagascar.
	Arctic Tundra Rock
	John Eastcott & Yva Momatiuk/DRK Photo
	Much like the roads of a midwestern town, this arctic tundra rock is subject to yearly freezes and thaws. When the rock freezes, it contracts. During the summer thaw it expands. Millions of years of this harsh cycle have resulted in the cracks you see here. Fortunately, no road crew is needed to repair these cracks. Mother Nature will take care of them in her own time.
	Moth Wing Scales
	CBC/Phototake
	A detail of a Urania moth wing shows tiny scales that overlap like shingles on a roof. The brilliant colors found on the wings of tropical butterflies and moths are not made up of pigments, but of refracted light from grooves on the scales. Different groove widths refract different colors of the spectrum. This is thought to have survival value. In flight, the bright flashes may dazzle and confuse predators giving chase, allowing the insect to escape.
	Arsenura Moth
	Art Wolfe/AllStock
	This large moth has developed a great way to blend in with the crowd. Living in the Panamanian rain forest, it even mimics the holes and blemishes of its leafy surroundings. Like most moths, this hairy creature likes to work at night, feeding on liquids through a long, coiled proboscis. All moth species undergo complete metamorphosis from egg to larvae (caterpillar) to the adult you see here.
	Vitamin A
	Manfred Kage/Peter Arnold, Inc
	This frosty, colored forest is actually crystalline vitamin A viewed under polarized light and magnified 75 times. Vitamin A (beta-carotene or retinol) is essential for new cell growth and healthy skin. It also helps stabilize defense mechanisms in cells that defend against foreign invaders. There are two forms of vitamin A derived from our food. Preformed vitamin A comes from animals, while provitamin A (beta-carotene) is found in fruits and vegetables. Beta-carotene, a double molecule of vitamin A, is converted to vitamin A by the body. Retinol, another name for preformed vitamin A, got its name because the rods and cones of the retina need the vitamin for proper vision.
	Arrowtooth Flounder
	Stephen J. Krasemann/AllStock
	This Arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes Stomias), like most flatfish, can change colors to match its surroundings. To further deceive predators and prey, it burrows into the soft muddy or sandy bottom. When prey is near, the flounder ambushes its unsuspecting victim. Flatfish are born with eyes on both sides of their heads. Soon one eye moves toward the other until they are both on top of the fish. Unfortunately, life at the bottom makes flatfish susceptible to pollutants, such as heavy metals, which sink to the ocean floor. This particular flounder was seen off the coast of Monterey, California, but the Arrowtooth can be found from the Bering Sea to San Pedro, California.
	Horse Heaven Stereogram
	Brian Small/Small Wonders
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Brian Small is the owner of Small Wonders 3D Art in Orlando, Florida. The 24-year-old artist recently graduated from the University of Central Florida with a degree in computer science, specializing in computer graphics. He uses a special coloring process to make his stereograms unique. Additional stereograms made by Brian are available in a book ("Another Dimension," 21st Century Publishing) and on T-shirts, posters and postcards. For book and poster information please contact Brian at: Small Wonders 5730 Tamarack Drive Orlando, FL 32819 (407) 352-8348
	Rose Anemone
	Norbert Wu
	No fish knows the horrors that lurk inside the mouth of the rose anemone (tealia lofotensis). Once a fish swims too close, it is pulled inside and devoured. Anemones consist of a foot, a ring of stinging tentacles, and a mouth in the center of the ring. They wolf down anything they get their tentacles on. These tentacles are loaded with stinging cells that can subdue larger prey such as crabs and sea stars. This squishy creature lurks in the waters of the Queen Charlotte Islands in Canada.
	Sinus Congestion
	New York Hospital/Peter Arnold, Inc.
	An MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan has captured the ghostly image of a human head. The yellow region shows the extent of sinus congestion. This congestion increases pressure in the nasal cavities, resulting in the familiar sinus headache.

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Flight Collection
	General Dynamics F-16A "Falcon"
	Digital Image ©1994 Continuum Productions Corporation
	USAF Fighter/ Exposition Engine: Pratt & Whitney F100-PW-100 delivering 23,840 pounds static thrust. Speed: Mach 2.0+ (over 40,000 feet). Range: 575 mile radius. Gross Weight: 22,197 pounds. Crew: 1 Era: Used by the Thunderbirds from 1983 to the present. Since the world's first air show in Rheims, France, in August 1909, audiences the world over have experienced the exhilaration of air races, thrilled to the daring of aerobatics, and enjoyed the opportunity to inspect instrumentation and chat with pilots on the flight line. Aircraft flown by the Thunderbirds in the past include the Republic F-84-F, the McDonnell F-4E, the Northrop T-38 A, and the North American F-100C.
	Grumman F-14A "Tomcat"
	Digital Image ©1994 Continuum Productions Corporation
	U.S. Navy Air Superiority Fighter Engine: Two Pratt & Whitney TF30-P-414As, each delivering 20,900 pounds static thrust with afterburner. Speed: 1,544 mph at 40,000 feet. Climb Rate: 32,500 feet per minute. Gross Weight: 59,714 pounds . Crew: 2. Era: 1973 to the present. If you want to accelerate from 0 to 180 miles per hour in 2.5 seconds, the Navy is the place for you. Steam catapults are the standard launch method. Heavy take-off weights are routine, and the carrier typically sails at up to 30 knots per hour. Larger carriers handle aircraft suited for three assignments: tactical attack, air defense, and anti-submarine aviation. The first 655 Tomcats, built for the U.S. Navy (except for 79 for Iran) were F-14As. By 1989, the more advanced F-14D model was in service, using General Electric F-100-GE-400 afterburning turbofans, each delivering 27,400-pound static thrust.
	Rockwell/MBB X-31A
	Digital Image ©1994 Continuum Productions Corporation; Photograph: Museum of Flight
	U.S. Navy/ German Supermaneuverability Research Engine: General Electric F404-GE-400, delivering 16,000 pounds static thrust. Speed: Mach 1.3. Gross Weight: 15,935 pounds. Crew: 1. Era: 1990 to the present. The prerequisites for EFM (enhanced fighter maneuverability) are: a thrust-to-weight ratio of a least 1:1, fly-by-wire controls, an intake layout that allows full-engine power at a 70-degree angle of attack, low-wing loading, and a highly swept-back wing. Besides the X-31A prototypes, tests have been conducted on the F-18 Hornet, the F-16 Falcon, and the Suchoi Su-35 Super Fulcrum. Both the F-16 and the Su-35 employ canard surfaces to aid in controllability. MBB stands for Messerschmitt, Bolkow, And Blohm (Germany).
	Grumman F-14A "Tomcat"
	Digital Image ©1994 Continuum Productions Corporation
	U.S. Navy Air Superiority Fighter Engine: Two Pratt & Whitney TF30-P-412As, each delivering 20,900 pounds static thrust with afterburner. Speed: 1,544 mph at 40,000 feet. Range: 2,400 miles. Climb Rate: 32,500 feet per minute. Gross Weight: 59,714 pounds. Crew: 2. Era: 1970 to the present. In an environment of Mach 2 aircraft and Mach 2 to Mach 5 air-to-air missiles, the two-man Tomcat crew must receive considerable technical assistance in performing its mission. In the F-14A-plus and F-14D models, a computerized fuel control prevents stalling in all phases of flight, the radar systems search and track potential targets within a 100+ mile radius, and the radar is supplemented by an infrared sensor and tracking system. Using the newest Joint Tactical Information Distribution System, an F-14D can pass targeting data to other F-14Ds flying with their radar off (to avoid or delay detection).
	McDonnell-Douglas F-18C "Hornet"
	Digital Image ©1994 Continuum Productions Corporation
	U.S. Navy Fighter/ Bomber Engine: Two General Electric F404-GE-400s, each delivering 16,000 pounds static thrust. Speed: Mach 1.7 (at altitude). Range: 1,800 miles (ferry). Climb Rate: Approximately 50,000 feet per minute. Gross Weight: 51,900 pounds. Crew: 1. Era: 1986 to the present (F-18C). Possibly breaking the sound barrier, an aircraft buzzes an F-18C from VFA-86 squadron (410-AB markings), and an F-14 (no. 113). The aircraft is creating a highly visible shock wave, to the delight of the spectators. Both of the fighters tied down on the carrier deck are capable of supersonic speeds in combat configurations.
	Suchoi SU-35 "Super Flanker"
	Katsuhiko Tokunaga/Check Six
	Russian Ground Attack/ Fighter Engine: Two Saturn/Lyulka AL-35F turbofans, each delivering 29,900 pounds static thrust. Speed: Mach 2.35. Range: 2,485 miles. Crew: 1. Era: 1993 to the present (prototypes only). The SU-35 is a ground attack version of the highly regarded SU-27 "Flanker" that incorporates canard surfaces and enlarged, leading-edge extensions of the wing. These features, combined with upgraded engines, enhance the high angle of attack and provide greater agility in combat maneuvering. Further tests with thrust-vectoring are expected to further improve maneuverability, which designer Mikhail Simonov expects to demonstrate at the 1994 Farnborough Air Show.
	McDonnell - Douglas F-15C "Eagle"
	Digital Image ©1994 Continuum Productions Corporation
	USAF Air Superiority Fighter Engine: Two Pratt & Whitney F100-PW-229 turbofans, each delivering 23,450 pounds static thrust with afterburner. Speed: Mach 2.5+. Range: 500 nautical mile radius. Climb Rate: 50,000 feet. per minute. Gross Weight: 44,500 pounds (maximum 68,000 pounds). Crew: 1. Era: 1979 to the present. The 33rd Fighter Wing of the 9th Air Force operates F-15C and F-15D Eagles out of Eglin AFB, Florida. The F-15C carries long-range conformal fuel tanks and Hughes lightweight X-band, pulse-Doppler radar, which can track small, high-speed objects as low as the hilltops. A central computer is programmed to handle several missile types, including the AIM-7 Sparrow, AIM-9 Sidewinder, and AIM-120 AMRAAM.
	Panavia "Tornado"
	Chris Allen/Check Six
	British-Italian-German Multi-Role Combat Aircraft Engine: Two Turbo-Union RB. 199-34R mk 101 turbofans, each delivering 16,920 pounds static thrust Speed: Mach 2.27 (at altitude). Range: 2,000 miles (ferry), 1,151 miles (F.3), 1,720 miles (GR.1). Gross Weight: 50,200 pounds (61,700 pounds maximum). Crew: 2. Era: 1974 to the present. By sharing startup costs and establishing the production runs in advance, European aviation consortiums, such as the British-Italian-German Panavia, stabilize the volatile air defense industry. The Tornado project succeeded both in meeting performance goals and in attracting additional orders. With planes built for Saudi Arabia, a total of 120 Tornados have been built. The Tornado is suitable for air defense, electronic-countermeasures, reconnaissance, and interdictor strike missions. British versions are identified as F.3 (fighter) and GR.1 (attack/reconn.).
	Tupolev TU-22M (TU-26) "Backfire"
	Katsuhiko Tokunaga/Check Six
	Russian Strategic Bomber Engine: Two Kuznetsov NK144 2-Spool turbofans, each delivering 45,000 pounds static thrust with afterburner. Speed: Mach 2.0+. Range: 4,970 miles. Gross Weight: 286,600 pounds. Crew: 4. Era: 1971 to the present. The variable-sweep wing enables the TU-26 to carry out long-range assignments. The Backfire can accommodate nuclear arms or anti-shipping and cruise missiles. In the early 1990s, some 160 Backfire bombers served the Soviets as maritime patrol bombers, while another 170 were assigned to air bases in Smolensk (Russia) and Irkutsk (Siberia). However, the 606,000-pound TU-160 Blackjack bomber has superseded the Tupolev Backfires in some long-range strategic roles.
	U.S. Navy Aircraft Carrier
	Digital Image ©1994 Continuum Productions Corporation
	CV-67 J.F. Kennedy Class Engine: 280,000 shp (4 screws). Speed: 30+ knots. Length: 1,047 feet. Gross Weight: 87,000 tons full-load displacement. Era: commissioned in 1968. The modern U.S. Navy carrier is a sea-going city-airport with accommodations for 505 officers, 5,222 enlisted personnel, and approximately 70 aircraft. There are elevators, below-deck hangars, and three available launch systems. Visible aircraft include Grumman F-14 fighters and a Grumman E-2 Hawkeye surveillance plane.
	General Dynamics F-16 "Falcon"
	Digital Image ©1994 Continuum Productions Corporation
	USAF Multi-Purpose Fighter Engine: Pratt & Whitney F-100-PW-100, delivering 23,840 pounds static thrust (F-16A). Speed: Mach 2 (at altitude). Range: 500+ nautical miles Gross Weight: 22,000+ pounds. Crew: 1. Era: 1974 to the present. The white "arrow" in the foreground is the left wing-tip rail for missile carrying. Inboard is a 370-gallon auxiliary fuel tank. Success of the F-16 program can be judged by sales: over 4,100 had been ordered by 1990. In 1993, Lockheed purchased General Dynamics's fighter business, including F-16 production, in Ft. Worth, Texas.
	General Dynamics F-16C "Falcon"
	Joe Towers/Check Six
	USAF Multi-Purpose Fighter Engine: Pratt & Whitney F-100-W-220 turbofan delivering 23,450 pounds static thrust with afterburner. Speed: Mach 2 (at altitude). Range: 500 nautical mile radius. Climb Rate: 50,000 feet per minute from sea level. Gross Weight: 26,536 pounds (42,300 pounds maximum). Crew: 1. Era: 1974 to the present. This night flying F-16C, with its highly visible exhaust flame, presents an ideal target for an infrared (heat-seeking) missile. Defenses against heat-seeking missiles include shrouded exhaust (used in stealth aircraft), decoy flares, and warning systems to tell the pilot when to duck.
	Grumman F-14A+ "Tomcat"
	Digital Image ©1994 Continuum Productions Corporation
	U.S. NAVY Air Superiority Fighter Engine: Two General Electric F110-GE-400s, each delivering 27,400 pounds static thrust. Speed: 1,340 miles per hour. Range: Approximately 2,000 miles. Gross Weight: 59,714 pounds. Crew: 2. Era: 1988 to the present. Eight U.S. Navy carriers supported Operation Desert Storm. All but one carried Grumman F-14A and F-14A+ fighter squadrons. Here, a Tomcat patrolling during the Gulf War sports the "Aardvark" insignia of VF-114 squadron, normally assigned to CVW-11 (Carrier Wing 11) on the USS Enterprise, traditionally based at NAS (Naval Air Station) Miramar, California.
	Fairchild A-10A "Thunderbolt II"
	Digital Image ©1994 Continuum Productions Corporation
	USAF Attack Bomber Engine: Two General Electric TF-34-GE-100s, each delivering 9,065 pounds static thrust. Speed: 439 miles per hour (at sea level). Range: 1,240 miles. Climb Rate: 6,000 feet per minute. Gross Weight: 50,000 pounds. Crew: 1. Era: 1974 to the present. The main feature of this tank-killer and close-support aircraft is its nose-mounted, multi-barrel, 30-mm "Avenger" cannon that can fire up to 4,200 rounds per minute. The pilot can also deliver up to twenty-eight 500-pound bombs or a variety of missiles, such as AGM-65 Mavericks or AIM-9L Sidewinders. To assist the pilot in these tasks, the aircraft's LASTE (low-altitude safety and targeting enhancement) system computes the next move.
	Northrop F-5E "Tiger II"
	KatsuhikoTokunaga/Check Six
	USMC Lightweight Fighter Engine: Two General Electric J85-GE-21A engines, each delivering 5,000 pounds static thrust with afterburner. Speed: Mach 1.64 (at altitude). Range: 240 nautical miles radius. Climb Rate: 34,000 feet per minute from sea level. Gross Weight: 24,083 pounds. Crew: 1. Era: 1972 to the present (F-5E version). The Northrop F-5 lightweight fighter series is unique in having been developed from a trainer: the supersonic T-38 Talon, at one time the plane of choice of the USAF Thunderbirds. Both the Tiger II (or F-5E) and the two-seat F-5F versions became major export successes. By the 1980s, over 3,400 of Northrop's F-5/T-38 family of airplanes were in service with 28 nations. An additional multi-role aircraft is the RF-5E model, with three nose-mounted, high-resolution cameras for the business of photo-reconnaissance.
	Grumman KA-6D "Intruder"
	Digital Image ©1994 Continuum Productions Corporation
	U.S. Navy Attack Bomber/Tanker Engine: Two Pratt & Whitney J52-P-8Bs, each delivering 9,300 pounds static thrust Speed: 646 miles per hour (at sea level). Range: 2,785 miles (maximum). Climb Rate: 7,164 feet per minute. Gross Weight: 60,400 lb. (maximum). Crew: 2. Era: 1983 to the present. Up to 90 A-6A and A-6E Intruders were converted to KA-6D tankers between 1970 and 1988 by Grumman and U.S. Navy rework facilities. With the ability to carry five 300-gallon external tanks, the KA-6D can supply up to 2,300 gallons to a customer up to 150 nautical miles from the carrier (at 450 nautical miles, only 765 gallons are available). Fuel is delivered through the standard Navy hose-and-drogue system.
	Dassault "Mirage" III-S
	Katsuhiko Tokunaga/Check Six
	French Fighter-Bomber Engine: SNECMA ATAR 9C-3 Turbojet, delivering 13,227 pounds static thrust with afterburner. Speed: Mach 2.15 (at 36,000 feet). Range: 560 mile radius. Climb Rate: 36,000 feet in 6.5 minutes. Gross Weight: 29,760 pounds. Crew: 1. Era: 1969 to the present. Since 1956, when the Mirage III prototype first flew, orders for the Mirage series have exceeded the 1,140 mark. Variations on the Mirage design include the III-G with variable wing-sweep, the III-V for VTOL (vertical takeoff and landing), and the Mirage 5 economy version. The Swiss Air Force III-S was largely built in Switzerland. It uses Hughes HM-55 Falcon missiles and an electronic fire-control system.
	McDonnell - Douglas F-15A "Eagle"
	Chris Johns/ AllStock
	USAF Air Superiority Fighter Engine: Two Pratt & Whitney F100-PW-100s, each delivering 27,000 pounds static thrust with afterburner. Speed: Mach 2.5. Range: 2,500 miles (ferry). Climb Rate: 65,600 feet in 122.95 seconds. Gross Weight: 40,000 pounds. Crew: 1. Era: 1973 to the present. Elmendorf Air Force Base, near Anchorage, Alaska, is headquarters for the 11th Air Force, including the 3rd Wing's F-15C and F-15E fighters. Approximately 1,300 F-15A through F-15E aircraft have been produced. Due to better integrated avionics, the F-15E has more capabilities than earlier versions. Research for future versions continues; new multi-directional thrust-vectoring engine nozzles will soon greatly improve maneuverability. The current F-15C/D versions accounted for 36 of the 39 air-to-air victories in Operation Desert Storm during 1991.
	General Dynamics FB-111A
	George Hall/Check Six
	USAF Fighter/ Bomber/ Reconnaissance Engine: Two Pratt & Whitney TF30-P-7 turbofans, each delivering 20,350 pounds static thrust with afterburner. Speed: 1,453 miles per hour at 50,000 feet. Range: 4,786 miles (ferry). Climb Rate: 23,418 feet per minute. Gross Weight: 110,646 pounds. Crew: 2. Era: 1967 to the present. The principle versions of the F-111 series were the FB-111A bomber, the F-111A, D, E, and F fighters, and the EF-111A "Raven" for electronic counter-measures tasks (modified from F-111A fighters). The variable-sweep wings enable the F-111 to carry out long-range operations, such as the 1986 bombing of Libya from bases in the United Kingdom. The F-111 series can carry a large variety of stores, from iron bombs to nuclear bombs, cruise missiles, and SRAM (short range attack missiles).
	Boeing B-52H "Stratofortress"
	Digital Image ©1994 Continuum Productions Corporation
	USAF Strategic Bomber Engine: Eight Pratt & Whitney TF-33-P-3s, each delivering 17,000 pounds static thrust. Speed: 595 miles per hour (at altitude). Range: 12,519 miles (record set on January 11, 1962). Gross Weight: 488,000 pounds. Crew: 6. Era: 1961 to the present (B-52H). With the aid of numerous system updates over the years, B-52 bombers have logged almost forty years of front-line service. Conceived in the late 1940s, the B-52 first flew in 1952, and service began in 1955. Some of the updates that have contributed to this longevity include stand-off weapons, such as SRAM and cruise missiles, and new defensive and offensive avionics.
	McDonnell - Douglas F/A-18A "Hornet"
	George Hall/Check Six
	U.S. Navy Multi-Purpose Fighter Engine: Two General Electric F404-GE-402 engines, each delivering 19,200 pounds static thrust. Speed: 1,305 miles per hour. Range: 2,303 miles. Gross Weight: 49,224 pounds. Crew: 1. Era: 1988 to the present. A fighter capable of launching air-to-air and air-to-surface missiles, such as the Zuni rocket. The 5-inch Zuni rocket was widely used by the USMC during Operation Desert Storm. The Zuni can be assembled with up to ten varieties of warheads. All are unguided once fired by the pilot.
	Grumman EA - 6B "Prowler"
	George Hall/Check Six
	U.S. Navy Electronic Warfare Aircraft Engine: Two Pratt & Whitney J52-P-408 Turbojets, each delivering 11,200 pounds static thrust. Speed: 658 miles per hour (at sea level). Range: 1,628 miles. Climb Rate: 8,600 feet per minute. Gross Weight: 48,287 pounds (65,000 pounds maximum). Crew: 4. Era: 1971 to the present. Following five years of operating two-seat EA-6A Intruders (including assignments over Vietnam), the Navy upgraded its electronic warfare capability with the four-seat Prowler. The early ECM operators covered tactical jamming, navigation, and communication jamming. Subsequent improvements have included digital avionics, chaff dispensers, self-protection equipment, wider frequency ranges, INS (inertial navigation), a Joint Tactical Information Distribution System, and a GPS (global positioning system).
	Grumman E-2C "Hawkeye"
	George Hall/Check Six
	U.S. Navy Early Warning/ Reconnaissance Engine: Two Allison T56-A-425, each delivering 4,910 ESHP. Speed: 372 miles per hour at 20,000 feet. Range: 2,500 miles. Climb Rate: 2,515 feet per minute. Gross Weight: 51,933 pounds. Crew: 5. Era: 1964 to the present. The Hawkeye fulfilled a 1955 Navy requirement for a new generation of airborne early warning and air intercept control aircraft. It was in production for 30 years, gradually taking advantage of improvements such as newer VHF search radar systems and digital processing systems. Other additions include electronic counter-counter measures, a passive detection system, and better data exchange with surface ships. The four vertical tails are used to provide radar transmission clearance.
	Sukhoi SU-25 "Frogfoot"
	Katsuhiko Tokunaga/Check Six
	Russian Attack Bomber Engine: Two Tumansky R-95SH (also designated R-195) turbojets, each delivering 9,921 pounds static thrust. Speed: 606 miles per hour. Range: 1,212 miles. Gross Weight: 38,800 pounds. Crew: 1. Era: 1981 to the present. A successful private venture by the Pavel Sukhoi Design Bureau, the Sukhoi SU-25 today serves Russian, Bulgarian, and Hungarian air forces as a "tank buster." Computerized self-protection systems, offensive electronics, and 1-inch titanium armor plate protect the pilot. After infrared (heat-seeking) missiles proved a deadly threat in the Afghanistan campaign, the SU-25 was modified to reduce the chance of enemy hits to the engine causing explosions or fire in adjacent fuel cells.
	Lockheed SR-71A "Blackbird"
	George Hall/Check Six
	USAF Strategic Reconnaissance Engine: Two Pratt & Whitney J58 (JT11D-20B) turbo-ram jets, each delivering 34,000 pounds static thrust with afterburner. Speed: Mach 3.0+. Climb Rate: 10,000+ feet per minute. Gross Weight: 140,000 pounds. Crew: 2. Era: 1964 to 1990. This Mach 3-plus airplane is a hot ship. Internally, hydraulic fluid temperatures hit 400 to 650 degrees Fahrenheit, while skin surface temperatures range all the way from 400 to 1,200 degrees Fahrenheit. The first Blackbirds (types A-1 to A-12) were built for the CIA. Later, NASA operated the A-11/YF-12A "fighter" out of Dryden Flight Research Center at Edwards Air Force Base.
	Mikoyan & Gurevich MiG-31 "Foxhound"
	Katsuhiko Tokunaga/Check Six
	Russian Interceptor Engine: Two D-30F6 turbofans, each delivering 34,171 pounds static thrust with afterburner. Speed: Mach 2.83. Range: 1,619 miles (ferry), 1,055 mile combat radius. Gross Weight: 90,389 pounds. Crew: 2. Era: 1983 to the present. As an interceptor, the MiG-31 can patrol a hundred-mile wide area with a radar system that "looks" forward up to 190 miles with a tracking range of 167 miles. Constructed largely of nickel steel, the Foxhound carries a variety of air-to-air missiles to down intruders. A fire-control system with look-down/shoot-down capability, which can find and track a terrain-following aircraft, guides the missiles.
	Lockheed KS-3 "Viking"
	Check Six
	U.S. Navy Tanker Engine: Two General Electric TF-34-GE-2 turbofans, each delivering 9,275 pounds static thrust. Speed: Mach 0.79. Range: 2,590 miles. Climb Rate: 4,200 feet per minute. Gross Weight: 43,491 pounds (52,539 pounds maximum). Crew: 4. Era: 1973 to the present (S-3A). The primary mission of the Lockheed "Viking" was ASW (anti-submarine warfare), but it is also suited for other tasks. The US-3A serves as a carrier delivery vehicle for mail, cargo, and passengers while the ES-3A version performs electronic surveillance.
	SEPECAT "Jaguar"
	John McQuarrie/Check Six
	Anglo-French Multi-Role Fighter/Trainer Engine: Two Rolls-Royce/Turbomeca "Adour" TR. 172s, each delivering 7,140 pounds static thrust with afterburner Speed: Mach 1.6 at altitude. Range: 2,270 miles (ferry) Climb Rate: Estimated 40,000 feet per minute. Gross Weight: 23,000 pounds (34,612 pounds maximum). Crew: 1 or 2. Era: 1972 to the present. SEPECAT, which is the joint operating name for British Aerospace and France's Dassault-Breguet, was established to design, produce, and sell Jaguar tactical strike and training aircraft. The Jaguar is also suitable for the roles of reconnaissance, air superiority, and intervention overseas. Initial production was 400 aircraft, but orders from Nigeria, Ecuador, India, Oman, Italy, and Saudi Arabia have increased this number.
	Northrop B-2 "Spirit"
	Digital Image ©1994 Continuum Productions Corporation
	USAF Stealth Bomber Engine: Four General Electric F 188-GE-100s, each delivering 19,000 pounds static thrust. Speed: Mach 0.8. Range: 7,255 miles. Gross Weight: 371,300 pounds. Crew: 3. Era: 1989 to the present. Stealth aircraft introduced another variable into the electronic warfare equation. The B-2 uses several features that decrease the probability of detection. In addition to radar-absorbing materials (including paint), exterior surfaces designed to deflect enemy radar signals, and upper surface exhausts (to reduce infrared detection), the B-2 uses low-probability-of-intercept radar transmissions that can scan subjects up to 100 miles away.
	Lockheed U-2
	George Hall/Check Six
	USAF Research And Reconnaissance Engine: Pratt & Whitney J75-P-13A, delivering 11,200 pounds static thrust. Speed: 200 miles per hour at sea level; Mach 0.75 at altitude. Range: 2,600 miles. Climb Rate: 5,000 feet per minute. Gross Weight: 17,270 pounds. Crew: 1. Era: 1955 to the present (U-2R). Plans of the original U-2 were published in a 1958 issue of Model Airplane News, but the aircraft remained "secret" until Francis Gary Powers's 1960 incident over Russia. The USAF retired its last U-2C airplane in 1989, as the last of the larger U-2R/TR-1 series aircraft entered service. NASA and the Department of Agriculture have used U-2s in a series of research programs investigating weather, floods, land management, and geothermal energy.
	Mikoyan & Gurevich MiG-25M "Foxbat-E"
	Katsuhiko Tokunaga/Check Six
	Russian Interceptor Engine: Two Tumansky R-15BD-300 Turbojets, each delivering 24,700 pounds static thrust with afterburner. Speed: Mach 2.83. Range: 900 mile combat radius. Gross Weight: 82,500 pounds. Crew: 1. Era: 1965 to the present. Recent improvements in the 30-year-old MiG-25 series, already rated as the world's fastest combat aircraft in front-line service, bring it up-to-date in electronic warfare. The Foxbat-E has look-down/shoot-down radar and infrared sensors, and the 1988 vintage MiG-25BM (Foxbat-F) model sports anti-radiation missiles for attacking enemy radar sites at long range. Older MiG-25 Foxbats serve the air forces of Algeria, India, Libya, and Syria. MiG-25s also served Iraq.
	British Aerospace "Harrier GR.5"
	Chris Allen/Check Six
	British VTOL Attack/ Fighter Engine: Rolls-Royce Pegasus mk 105 (11-21) turbofan delivering 21,550 pounds static thrust. Speed: 647 miles per hour at sea level. Range: 2,460 mi. (ferry), 553 miles combat radius. Gross Weight: 29,750 pounds. Crew: 1. Era: 1984 to the present (GR.5 & AV-8B). Ten years after the first tethered hover tests of Hawker's P.1127 prototype in 1960, the Harrier VTOL (vertical takeoff and landing) aircraft entered service. Once the reliability of the Rolls-Royce Pegasus turbofan with thrust-vectoring nozzles was established, Harriers became operational with the Royal Air Force, the Royal Navy, the USMC, and India. Over 300 Harriers were built. Subsequently, the improved British McDonnell-Douglas AV-8B or Harrier GR.5, with weight-saving composite materials, entered production.
	McDonnell - Douglas F-18C "Hornet" and Deck Crew
	Digital Image ©1994 Continuum Productions Corporation
	U.S. Navy Fighter/Bomber Engine: Two General Electric F404-GE-400s, each delivering 16,000 static thrust. Speed: Mach 1.7 (at altitude). Range: 1,800 miles (ferry). Climb Rate: Approximately 50,000 feet per minute. Gross Weight: 51,900 pounds. Crew: 1. Era: 1986 to the present. An "Air-Boss" oversees all the operations on the flight deck from the carrier's "island." Because of the noise levels, the members of the deck crew must be highly disciplined to know exactly where to be and what to do at every moment. Teamwork is required to park an aircraft or to position it for launching by steam catapult.
	Tupolev TU-16R "Badger - F"
	Digital Image ©1994 Continuum Productions Corporation
	Russian Reconnaissance/Bomber Engine: Two RD-3M Turbojets, each delivering 19,285 pounds static thrust. Speed: 616 miles per hour. Range: 1,995 miles. Gross Weight: 165,350 pounds. Crew: 8 or 9. Era: 1963 to the present. A U.S. Navy F-14 Tomcat escorts two intelligence-gathering Badger-F maritime reconnaissance planes. The TU-88 Badger prototype first flew in 1952 with TU-16 production versions following in 1954. In 1956, a passenger airliner version flew, using wing and tail sections from the TU-16 design. Later versions of Badgers have kept pace with updated avionics and missile systems for maritime patrol tasks.
	Rockwell B-1B "Lancer"
	Digital Image ©1994 Continuum Productions Corporation
	USAF Multi-Role Bomber Engine: Four General Electric F101-GE-102s, each delivering 30,000 pounds static thrust. Speed: Mach 1.25 at 50,000 feet. Range: 7,455 miles. Gross Weight: 477,000 pounds. Crew: 4. Era: 1984 to the present. When the B-1B first flew in October 1984, it greatly improved the ability of the USAF to accomplish high-speed, low-level delivery of nuclear or conventional ordnance. By using a new engine inlet design and the application of radar absorbent materials over its exterior, engineers reduced the Lancer's radar signature by 90 percent. In addition, the B-1B radar emissions can be replaced (as required) by laser and infrared targeting systems.
	Lockheed F-117A
	Digital Image ©1994 Continuum Productions Corporation
	USAF Stealth Attack Bomber Engine: Two General Electric F404-GE-F1D2 turbofans, each delivering 11,000 pounds static thrust. Speed: 646 mph. Range: 1,000 miles. Gross Weight: 52,500 pounds. Crew: 1. Era: 1981 to the present. The F-117A design incorporates several stealth features. The flat-panel geometry combined with radar-absorbing materials and coatings greatly reduce its radar signature. The buried engine with grilled intakes and cooled and diffused exhausts reduces both noise and infrared signatures. The F-117 does not transmit radar or jamming energy, relying instead on inertial navigation and laser/infrared guidance to deliver its ordnance. It is painted black for normal night-flying duties.
	Dassault "Rafale"
	Katsuhiko Tokunaga/Check Six
	French Air Superiority Fighter Engine: Two SNECMA M88-2 turbofans, each delivering 16,875 pounds static thrust with afterburner. Speed: Mach 2 at altitude. Gross Weight: 28,219 pounds. Crew: 1. Era: 1986 to the present. Dassault's newest high-tech fighter is not scheduled to enter French naval service until late 1996. The Rafale has undergone several test sequences in the U.S. and will soon be ready for action on the new carrier "Charles de Gaulle."
	Grumman F-14A "Tomcat"
	Digital Image ©1994 Continuum Productions Corporation
	U.S. Navy Air Superiority Fighter Engine: Two Pratt & Whitney TF30-P-414As, each delivering 20,900 pounds static thrust with afterburner. Speed: 1,544 mph at 40,000 feet. Range: 2,400 nautical miles. Climb Rate: 32,500 feet per minute. Gross Weight: 59,714 pounds (74,349 pounds maximum). Crew: 2. Era: 1973 to the present. The first 655 Tomcats, built for the U.S. Navy (except for 79 for Iran) were the F-14A versions. By 1989, the more advanced F-14D model was in service using General Electric F-100-GE-400 afterburning turbofans of 27,400-pound static thrust. To supplement their 20-mm cannons, early F-14As carry a variety of missiles, including the AIM-54 Phoenix, the AIM-7 Sparrow, and the AIM-9 Sidewinder for air-to-air encounters. For air-to-surface tasks, F-14As carry AGM-53A Condor missiles.
	Lockheed TR-1
	George Hall/Check Six
	USAF Tactical Reconnaissance Engine: Pratt & Whitney J75-P-13B, delivering 17,000 pounds static thrust. Speed: 430+ miles per hour. Range: 3,000+ miles. Gross Weight: 40,000 pounds. Crew: 1. Era: 1981 to the present. The Lockheed TR-1 was produced as a tactical-reconnaissance version of the U-2R, which was an enlarged version of the vintage 1950 U-2s. By October 1989, Lockheed had delivered all units to the USAF, which subsequently redesignated the TR-1s as U-2RTs. NASA operated another U-2R version as the ER-2 for the earth resources survey program. In 1994, the U-2 series was retrofitted with the General Electric F101-GE-F29, which is rated around 19,000 pounds static thrust.
	General Dynamics F-16A "Falcon"
	Digital Image ©1994 Continuum Productions Corporation
	USAF Fighter/Exposition Engine: Pratt & Whitney F100-PW-100 delivering 23,840 pounds static thrust. Speed: Mach 2.0+ over 40,000 feet. Range: 575 mile radius. Gross Weight: 22,197 pounds. Crew: 1. Era: Flown by the Thunderbirds from 1983 to the present. The Thunderbirds are the USAF acrobatic flying team. The team began flying F-16A and F-16B Falcons in 1983, moving to newer F-16C and F-16D models for the 1992 season. In 1991, the Thunderbirds toured Europe for the first time in seven years, reaching new audiences in the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Poland, as well as in seven Western European countries.

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Hollywood Collection
	Ingrid Bergman (1915-1982)
	TM/©1994 Estate of Ingrid Bergman/Curtis Management Group/Everett Collection
	With effortless naturalism, luminous beauty, a mesmerizing accent, and considerable acting talent, Bergman blossomed into one of the darlings of the American public. Beginning with her role in "Intermezzo," Bergman created memorable performances in films such as "Casablanca," "For Whom the Bell Tolls," "The Bells of St. Mary's," and "Notorious." She won Oscars for Best Actress for her roles in "Gaslight" and "Anastasia," and an Oscar for Best Supporting Actress in "Murder on the Orient Express." Bergman is pictured here in a scene from "Notorious." TM/©1994 Estate of Ingrid Bergman under license authorized by Curtis Management Group, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
	Sir Laurence Olivier (1907-1989)
	TM/©1994 Estate of Sir Laurence Olivier/Culver Pictures
	Arguably the greatest actor of the 20th century, Olivier was nominated for 12 Academy Awards for actor, producer, or director, winning twice. He also received two special Oscars. He appeared in more than 120 stage roles, 60 films, and 15 television productions. His more famous films include "Wuthering Heights," "Rebecca," "Pride and Prejudice," "Henry V," "Hamlet," and "Richard III." TM/©1994 Estate of Sir Laurence Olivier under license authorized by Curtis Management Group, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
	Greta Garbo (1905-1990)
	TM/©1994 Harriet Brown and Company, Inc./Curtis Management Group/Everett Collection
	To her fans in both the silent and sound eras of film, Greta Garbo was known simply as "Garbo." She has also been referred to as "the standard against which all screen actresses are measured." She was nominated for Best Actress four times for her roles in "Anna Christie," "Romance," "Camille," and "Ninotchka." TM/©1994 Harriet Brown and Company, Inc. all rights reserved under license authorized by Curtis Management Group, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
	Orson Welles (1915-1985)
	TM/©1994 Estate of Orson Welles/Curtis Management Group/Culver Pictures
	At the age of 25, Welles co-wrote, directed, and starred in what many considered the greatest movie ever made, "Citizen Kane." He directed 12 films for which he received credit, and five others for which he did not receive directorial credit or that never reached the screen. He is also famous for his 1938 Halloween broadcast of H.G. Wells's "The War of the Worlds." Other directorial efforts include "Macbeth," "Othello," and "A Touch of Evil." TM/©1994 Estate of Orson Welles under license authorized by Curtis Management Group, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
	Marlene Dietrich (1901-1992)
	TM/©1994 Estate of Marlene Dietrich/Curtis Management Group/Archive Photo
	In the 1930s Dietrich was Paramount's answer to MGM's Greta Garbo. She brought a mysterious, sensual, and worldly character to the screen. Her big break came with the film "Morocco," in which she starred with Gary Cooper. Some of her other memorable films include "Dishonored," "Blonde Venus," "The Scarlet Empress," and "Destry Rides Again." TM/©1994 Estate of Marlene Dietrich under license authorized by Curtis Management Group, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
	Sir Charles Chaplin (1889-1977)
	Everett Collection
	The father of film comedy, Charlie Chaplin was a writer-director-actor-producer-musician without peer for over 25 years. Beginning with innovative, intimate, and hilarious silent films such as "The Tramp," "The Pawnshop," "The Immigrant," and "Easy Street," Chaplin so advanced the comedian's art that film comedy would never be the same. He is also famous for pictures concerning the human condition, such as the silent film "Modern Times" (publicity photo shown here), and for his political pictures, such as his famous talkie, "The Great Dictator."
	Alfred Hitchcock (1899-1980)
	Culver Pictures
	"The Master of Suspense," Hitchcock was one of Hollywood's greatest directors. He was nominated five times for the Academy Award for Best Director. Although he never won, "Rebecca," "Lifeboat," "Spellbound," "Rear Window," and "Psycho" are indelible films. Other hits include "To Catch a Thief," "The Man Who Knew Too Much," "Vertigo," and "North by Northwest."
	Jean Harlow (1911-1937)
	Everett Collection
	Hollywood's first sound era sex symbol, Harlow was known as the "blond bombshell." She got her big break when Howard Hughes gave her a role in "Hell's Angels." Her most famous films were "Public Enemy," "Platinum Blonde," and "Red Dust." She died at the age of 26.
	Bette Davis (1908-1989)
	Everett Collection
	Bette Davis reigns as Hollywood's most enduring female star and as one of the most forceful presences in film history. She came on the Hollywood scene in "The Cabin in the Cotton" and introduced her "Bette Davis eyes" in "20,000 Years in Sing Sing." She won her first Oscar for Best Actress for "Dangerous," and another for "Jezebel." Her other highly regarded films include "Dark Victory," "All This and Heaven Too," "The Little Foxes," "Now, Voyager," and "All About Eve," which many critics consider her best work.
	Vivien Leigh (1913-1967)
	Everett Collection
	A beautiful English actress, Leigh epitomized the Southern belle in her Oscar-winning roles of Scarlett O'Hara in "Gone With the Wind" and Blanche du Bois in "A Streetcar Named Desire." She also starred in "Waterloo Bridge," and with her husband Laurence Olivier in "That Hamilton Woman." Vivien Leigh licensed by The Roger Richman Agency, Inc., Beverly Hills, CA.
	Carmen Miranda (1909-1955)
	Everett Collection
	Known as the "Brazilian Bombshell," Carmen Miranda was the comic caricature of South American sensuality. She made just 14 films. "That Night in Rio" and "The Gang's All Here" are her best. Carmen Miranda licensed by The Roger Richman Agency, Inc., Beverly Hills, CA.
	Marx Brothers (Harpo 1888-1964, Groucho 1890-1977, Chico 1887-1961)
	Everett Collection
	The funniest and most influential comedy team in Hollywood history, Harpo, Groucho, and Chico became the prototype for future comedy teams. They made 13 films together, including "The Cocoanuts," "Animal Crackers," "Monkey Business," "Horse Feathers," and "Duck Soup." Groucho Marx Productions, Inc., Susan Marx and Mary Dee Marx represented by The Roger Richman Agency, Inc., Beverly Hills, CA.
	Mae West (1892-1980)
	Everett Collection
	Easily the greatest comedienne in film history, West shocked and delighted audiences with outrageous hip swings and stunning double entendres. During the vaudeville years, she was billed as "The Baby Vamp" and originated the shimmy dance. Her most famous films are "Night After Night," "She Done Him Wrong," "I'm No Angel," and "Klondike Anne." Receivership Estate of Mae West represented by The Roger Richman Agency, Inc., Beverly Hills, CA.
	Clark Gable (1901-1960)
	Clark Gable licensed by Turner Publishing, Inc./Archive Photos
	"The King of Hollywood," as he was known in the 1930s, Gable still holds the record for number of box office successes. He appeared in 39 films, only one of which failed to return a profit. He won an Oscar for Best Actor for his role in "It Happened One Night." He is best remembered for his role as Rhett Butler in "Gone With the Wind," but he also starred in many other great movies, including "The Misfits," "Mutiny on the Bounty," "Too Hot to Handle," and "Run Silent, Run Deep."
	Betty Grable (1916-1973)
	The Kobal Collection
	Best known for her famous pinup during World War II, Grable projected the persona of the sexy girl-next-door. Her most famous musical roles were "Down Argentine Way," "Tin Pan Alley," "Pin Up Girl" (based on her famous pinup), "The Dolly Sisters," and "How to Marry a Millionaire." Betty Grable licensed by The Roger Richman Agency, Inc., Beverly Hills, CA.
	James Stewart (1908- )
	Everett Collection
	Discovered by the columnist Heda Hopper, Stewart became one of Hollywood's most beloved superstars. Working with great directors such as Frank Capra, George Stevens, Alfred Hitchcock, and John Ford, Stewart starred in some of the cinema's truly great movies: "The Philadelphia Story" (he won an Oscar for Best Actor for his performance), "It's a Wonderful Life," "Mr. Smith Goes to Washington," "Rear Window," "Vertigo," "Harvey," "Cheyenne Autumn," "Spirit of St. Louis," and "How The West Was Won," among many others.
	Lauren Bacall (1924- )
	Everett Collection
	Discovered on the cover of Harper's Bazaar by the wife of director Howard Hawks, Bacall is most famous for her roles in the 1940s opposite Humphrey Bogart in "To Have and Have Not," "The Big Sleep," "Dark Passage," and "Key Largo." Her career rebounded on Broadway with leading roles in "Cactus Flower," "Applause," and "Woman of the Year."
	James Cagney (1899-1986)
	George Hurrel/ Creative Art Image/Archive Photo
	Cagney was known for his ability to portray both crazed gangsters and their opposite: fluid, elegant dancers. His career, which spanned 50 years, began in vaudeville but continued in film with his role in "Public Enemy." His most famous roles from the gangster film genre include "Angels with Dirty Faces," "The Roaring Twenties," and "White Heat." His most famous dancing role, and the role that won him an Oscar for Best Actor, was "Yankee Doodle Dandy." James Cagney licensed by The Roger Richman Agency, Inc., Beverly Hills, CA.
	Lillian Gish (1896-1993)
	Culver Pictures
	Known as "The First Lady of the Silent Screen," Gish enjoyed the longest acting career in show business history. Her work in "The Birth of a Nation" made her an international star. Gish completed 25 silent films and starred on Broadway in the 1930s and 1940s. Her major sound film roles were "Duel in the Sun" and "Night of the Hunter."
	Cary Grant (1904-1986)
	Archive Photo
	The epitome of sophistication, Grant possessed a charming voice, dashing good looks, and a rakish nonchalance. Grant worked with Hollywood's greatest directors in some of their most notable films: Howard Hawks's "Bringing Up Baby," "His Girl Friday," and "Monkey Business;" Alfred Hitchcock's "Suspicion," "Notorious," "To Catch a Thief," and "North by Northwest;" and Leo McCarey's "The Awful Truth" and "An Affair to Remember."
	Mary Astor (1906-1987)
	Archive Photos/Hirz
	Although probably best known for her role as a conniving killer in "The Maltese Falcon," Astor's career spanned the silent era to the mid-1960s. Her best roles were hard-hearted double-crossers ("Red Dust," "The Hurricane," and "Palm Beach Story"). Later she was successful as a matronly, sweet mother ("Meet Me in St. Louis" and "Little Women"). She won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress opposite Bette Davis in "The Great Lie."
	Betty Grable (1916-1973)
	Archive Photo
	Best known for her famous pinup during World War II, Grable projected the persona of the sexy girl-next-door. Her most famous musical roles were "Down Argentine Way," "Tin Pan Alley," "Pin Up Girl" (based on her famous pinup), "The Dolly Sisters," and "How to Marry a Millionaire." Betty Grable licensed by The Roger Richman Agency, Inc., Beverly Hills, CA.
	James Dean (1931-1955)
	TM/©1994 James Dean Foundation/Curtis Management Group/Everett Collection
	James Dean made only three films, but he became the icon of the restless, alienated, and misunderstood youth of the 1950s. His popularity grew into cult status after his tragic death in an automobile accident. His first film, "East of Eden," garnered him a Best Actor nomination. His next film, "Rebel Without a Cause," was a great hit with America's youth. Dean's final film, "Giant," in which he starred with Rock Hudson and Elizabeth Taylor, was probably his best film. "Giant" was released after James Dean's death. TM/©1994 James Dean Foundation under license authorized by Curtis Management Group, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
	Ingrid Bergman (1915-1982)
	TM/©1994 Estate of Ingrid Bergman/Curtis Management Group/Archive Photos
	With effortless naturalism, luminous beauty, a mesmerizing accent, and considerable acting talent, Bergman blossomed into one of the darlings of the American public. Beginning with her role in "Intermezzo," Bergman created memorable performances in films such as "Casablanca," "For Whom the Bell Tolls," "The Bells of St. Mary's," and "Notorious." She won Oscars for Best Actress for her roles in "Gaslight" and "Anastasia," and an Oscar for Best Supporting Actress in "Murder on the Orient Express." TM/©1994 Estate of Ingrid Bergman under license authorized by Curtis Management Group, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
	Humphrey Bogart (1899-1957)
	TM/©1994 Bogart/Curtis Management Group/Culver Pictures,Inc.
	Best known for playing the tough guy, Bogart's career took off with his leading role in "The Petrified Forest." He reached superstardom in the 1940s with roles in "High Sierra," "The Maltese Falcon," "Casablanca," and "The Treasure of Sierra Madre." He also starred alongside his wife, Lauren Bacall, in "To Have and Have Not," "The Big Sleep," "Dark Passage," and "Key Largo." Bogart won an Oscar for Best Actor for his role in "The African Queen." TM/©1994 Bogart, Inc. under license authorized by Curtis Management Group, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
	W. C. Fields (1879-1946)
	Everett Collection
	With his bulbous nose, his portly body propped on stick legs, and his raspy voice, Fields played the comic dupe to a hostile and unforgiving world. His most famous trait was the throwaway line, usually muttered under his breath. He began his career in vaudeville; then came roles in several short films. He finally reached stardom in the film "It's a Gift." Other memorable films include "David Copperfield," "The Man on the Flying Trapeze," "My Little Chickadee," and "Never Give a Sucker an Even Break." ©1994 W.C. Fields Productions Inc., L.A., CA 90045
	Elizabeth Taylor (1932- )
	Everett Collection
	The voluptuous, violet-eyed Taylor has appeared in more than 50 films and won two Academy Awards for Best Actress. She is also the only child star to reach megastardom as an adult. At the age of 15 Taylor was called the most beautiful woman in the world. Her most famous films include "National Velvet," "Raintree County," "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof," "Suddenly Last Summer," "Cleopatra," "Butterfield 8," and "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?"
	Abbott & Costello (Lou Costello:1906-1959, Bud Abbott:1895-1974)
	© 1994 TCA Television, Corp., Bud Abbott, Jr. and Vickie Abbott Wheeler/Archive Photo
	Probably the most popular comedy team of the 1940s and early 1950s, Abbott and Costello starred in over 30 films. Bud Abbott (shown on the right) always played the streetwise straight man, and Lou Costello, the short, round, innocent laugh-maker. Their style and humor is immortalized in their classic "Who's on First" routine from the film "The Naughty Nineties."
	Ava Gardner (1922-1990)
	Everett Collection
	Pictured here while filming "Bhowani Junction," Gardner was almost as famous for her off-screen romances as for her screen roles. Gardner was one of the last studio-made sex sirens. Her few good roles included "The Hucksters," "One Touch of Venus," "Showboat," "Mogambo," "The Barefoot Contessa," "On The Beach," and "The Night of the Iguana."
	Andrews Sisters (LaVerne 1915-1967, Patti 1920- , Maxene 1918- )
	Andrews Sisters by Curtis Management Group, Indpls, IN/American Stock Photos/Archive Photo
	With brash style and showmanship, the Andrews Sisters were one of the top novelty and jazz singing groups of the late 1930s and the 1940s. They appeared in 16 movies, including Abbott and Costello comedies such as "In the Navy" and "Buck Privates." Others were wartime B movies such as "Follow the Boys," and one "Road" picture, "Road to Rio." The sisters also performed in numerous USO shows during World War II. Their more famous songs include: "Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy," "In Apple Blossom Time," "I Can Dream, Can't I," and "Rum and Coca-Cola."
	Bela Lugosi (1882-1956)
	Everett Collection
	The most typecast actor in Hollywood, Lugosi is forever associated with Dracula, the famous vampire. He starred in dozens of horror films but none were major commercial successes. When he died, he was buried in his Dracula cape. Bela Lugosi, Jr. represented by The Roger Richman Agency, Inc., Beverly Hills, CA.
	Mary Astor (1906-1987)
	Everett Collection
	Although probably best known for her role as a conniving killer in "The Maltese Falcon," Astor's career spanned the silent era to the mid-1960s. Her best roles were hard-hearted double-crossers ("Red Dust," "The Hurricane," and "Palm Beach Story"). Later she was successful as a matronly, sweet mother ("Meet Me in St. Louis" and "Little Women"). She won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress opposite Bette Davis in "The Great Lie."
	James Dean (1931-1955)
	TM/©1994 James Dean Foundation/Curtis Management Group/Everett Collection
	James Dean made only three films, but he became the icon of the restless, alienated, and misunderstood youth of the 1950s. His popularity grew into cult status after his tragic death in an automobile accident. His first film, "East of Eden," garnered him a Best Actor nomination. His next film, "Rebel Without a Cause," was a great hit with America's youth. Dean's final film, "Giant," in which he starred with Rock Hudson and Elizabeth Taylor, was probably his best film. "Giant" was released after James Dean's death. TM/©1994 James Dean Foundation under license authorized by Curtis Management Group, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
	Greta Garbo (1905-1990)
	TM/©1994 Harriet Brown and Company, Inc./Curtis Management Group/Culver Pictures
	To her fans in both the silent and sound eras of film, Greta Garbo was known simply as "Garbo." She has also been referred to as "the standard against which all screen actresses are measured." She was nominated for Best Actress four time for her roles in "Anna Christie," "Romance," "Camille," and "Ninotchka." TM/©1994 Harriet Brown and Company, Inc. all rights reserved under license authorized by Curtis Management Group, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
	Rudolph Valentino (1895-1926)
	Everett Collection
	Valentino was the greatest male movie sex symbol of the silent era and an icon of idealized manhood for his legions of female fans. His tragic death at the age of 31 transformed Valentino into a legendary figure. His most successful pictures include "The Sheik," "Blood and Sand," "The Eagle," and "The Son of the Sheik." Jean Valentino represented by The Roger Richman Agency, Inc., Beverly Hills, CA.
	Bette Davis (1908-1989)
	Archive Photos
	Bette Davis reigns as Hollywood's most enduring female star and as one of the most forceful presences in film history. She came on the Hollywood scene in "The Cabin in the Cotton" and introduced her "Bette Davis eyes" in "20,000 Years in Sing Sing." She won her first Oscar for Best Actress for "Dangerous," and another for "Jezebel." Her other highly regarded films include "Dark Victory," "All This and Heaven Too," "The Little Foxes," "Now, Voyager," and "All About Eve," which many critics consider her best work.
	W. C. Fields (1879-1946)
	The Kobal Collection
	With his bulbous nose, his portly body propped on stick legs, and his raspy voice, Fields played the comic dupe to a hostile and unforgiving world. His most famous trait was the throwaway line, usually muttered under his breath. He began his career in vaudeville; then came roles in several short films. He finally reached stardom in the film "It's a Gift." Other memorable films include "David Copperfield," "The Man on the Flying Trapeze," "My Little Chickadee," and "Never Give a Sucker an Even Break." ©1994 W.C. Fields Productions Inc., L.A., CA 90045
	Rudolph Valentino (1895-1926)
	Archive Photos/Popperfoto
	Valentino was the greatest male movie sex symbol of the silent era and an icon of idealized manhood for his legions of female fans. His tragic death at the age of 31 transformed Valentino into a legendary figure. His most successful pictures include "The Sheik," "Blood and Sand," "The Eagle," and "The Son of the Sheik." Jean Valentino represented by The Roger Richman Agency, Inc., Beverly Hills, CA.
	Humphrey Bogart (1899-1957)
	TM/©1994 Bogart/Curtis Management Group/Scotty Welbourne/The Kobal Collection
	Best known for playing the tough guy, Bogart's career took off with his leading role in "The Petrified Forest." He reached superstardom in the 1940s with roles in "High Sierra," "The Maltese Falcon," "Casablanca," and "The Treasure of Sierra Madre." He also starred alongside his wife, Lauren Bacall, in "To Have and Have Not," "The Big Sleep," "Dark Passage," and "Key Largo." Bogart won an Oscar for Best Actor for his role in "The African Queen." TM/©1994 Bogart, Inc. under license authorized by Curtis Management Group, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
	Claudette Colbert (1905- )
	Culver Pictures
	Colbert moved to New York City in 1910 and appeared on Broadway in 1925 before making her film debut in Frank Capra's "For the Love of Mike." She was one of Hollywood's brightest stars during the 1930's and 40's, being nominated for Academy Awards for Best Actress in "Private Worlds" and "Since You went Away" and winning the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in "It Happened One Night."

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Sports Extremes Collection
	Surfing the Jet Stream
	Pressenbild/Adventure Photo
	Gripping his board and grinning from adrenaline overload, a skyboarder belly flops into the high altitude surf. Buffeted by winds of well over 100 miles per hour, skyboarders surf an ocean of air, without ever getting wet.
	High Velocity Biking
	Curtis O'Shock/Adventure Photo
	A cyclist races down a slope in Santa Yvez, California. Road cycling may not evoke the rugged image of off-road mountain biking, but traveling at speeds of up to 60 miles per hour on tires thinner than a broomstick does provide a thrill for most. A bike can handle much better than a car on curved descents, allowing otherwise unthinkable speeds on mountain roads.
	Leaping the Crevasse
	Kirkendall & Spring/Adventure Photo
	Wearing crampons and holding his belay rope out of the way, a mountaineer takes a running leap across a crevasse on Mt. Rainier (elevation 14,410 feet) in Washington. On the other end of the rope, his partners are ready to arrest his fall if he misses. Traveling on a rope team can prevent an icy burial when climbing on glaciers. Thin snow bridges span some crevasses, so every step must be taken carefully.
	Balloon Bungee Jumping
	Sylvain Grandadam/ALLSTOCK
	Even when strapped to a bungee cord, leaping out of a hot air balloon qualifies as a death-defying activity. This sport may not be covered by some insurance policies.
	Snowboarding a Glacier
	Chris Noble/ALLSTOCK
	Snowboarding on the Ruth Glacier, 10 miles southeast of Mt. McKinley, Alaska, requires more than guts and good moves; it also takes a little good karma. Glaciers are riddled with snow bridges and sinkholes (like the one pictured to the left of this snowboarder), hazards often hidden by deceptively safe-looking snowpack.
	Cliff Diving the Grand Canyon
	©1994 Dugald Bremner
	Cliff diver Mike Yard takes a mighty leap of faith as he swan dives from a 30-foot sandstone cliff into the muddy waters of the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon. Cliff diving is one of the few extreme sports that doesn't require a large investment in equipment: All you need is a precipice and a water hole deep enough to spare your neck.
	Heli-Skiing Uzbekistan
	Alain Revel/Allsport-Vandystadt
	A heli-skier launches from a helicopter into the wild white wilderness of the mountains of Uzbekistan. Heli-skiing often offers more than 10,000 vertical feet of skiing on steep slopes of untracked powder. The dangers are major: avalanches, tree wells, crevasses and weather exposure, to name a few. But the runs are miles long, and there are no lift lines.
	Windsurfing Aruba
	Darrell Jones/ALLSTOCK
	Two windsurfers carve the emerald waters off Arasha Beach in Aruba, Netherlands Antilles. Each year in June, strong winds off the coast of Aruba draw an international field of competitive windsurfers.
	Base-Jumping
	Tom Sanders/Adventure Photo
	A base-jumper free-falls through the rumbling mist of the world's tallest waterfall, Angel Falls, Venezuela. Angel Falls are 3,200 feet high, making it one of the tallest fixed object jumping spots on earth. In base-jumping, parachutists run and then leap from the edge of a fixed object, such as a tower, a building, or a cliff. After free-falling, they deploy a square parachute and then (ideally) steer it to safety. The trick is to jump far enough to avoid hitting the launch site on the way down. The excitement is in free-falling next to a giant structure. The rush caused by this proximity is unlike anything experienced in traditional parachuting.
	The Slickrock Trail
	©1994 Dugald Bremner
	Mary Williams pedals across a slickrock moonscape near Moab, Utah. The former uranium mining town is now a mountain biking mecca that attracts more than 100,000 people a year to ride Slickrock Trail. The unique surface of slickrock (smooth sandstone domes) provides supreme traction on even the steepest slopes. The rock formations create fantastic trails different from anywhere else.
	Hunting Thermals
	David Klutho/Allsport
	A hang glider soars over lush forests in search of the next thermal to lift him higher toward the jet stream. Since Leonardo da Vinci's early drawings, man has attempted to perfect the hang glider. Today, expert hang gliders meander up to 500 miles a day through the skies, floating like feathers on warm updrafts.
	Monoskiing
	Chris Noble/ALLSTOCK
	Stuntman and extreme skier Scott "Jake" Jacobson takes flight on a monoski at Snowbird, Utah. Monoskiing combines snowboarding with the posture of parallel skiing, making for a fast and difficult sport. Utah boasts some of the best powder on earth, which is why big air junkies like Jacobson log so much flight time here. When jumping cliffs as high as this one, it's nice to have a soft landing, even if it is several stories below.
	Stunt Canoeing
	Doug Lee/Peter Arnold Inc.
	A covered deck canoe team pops a bigger "ender" than expected in a paddling contest on the Arkansas River in Colorado. One of many stunts paddlers perform, enders are executed by shoving the bow of the boat under an oncoming current and letting it pop back out of the water. The current squirts the boat out of the river like a bar of soap.
	Cave Exploring
	Allsport-Vandystadt
	Two spelunkers make their way through a damp cave, exploring the infinite darkness of this subterranean passage. Caving plumbs the depths of our fears of confinement and the unknown. The sport often requires experience in both scuba diving and mountaineering. Dry caving can be like mountaineering in reverse, without the advantage of daylight.
	Upskiing
	Jenny Hager/Adventure Photo
	Upskiing offers different challenges than regular extreme skiing. This skier zips across a glacier in Alaska with the help of a wind-filled zepel canopy.
	Catching Air on the Tygart
	Kevin O'Brien
	A kayaker catches some air paddling over Valley Falls on the Tygart River in West Virginia. He is heading toward a Class IV section of the Tygart, one of the premier whitewater rivers in the east. Besides waterfalls, one of the dangers in kayaking is capsizing in rapids. Kayakers must also contend with extremely cold water and boulders just waiting to batter kayakers who are in a little over their heads.
	Climbing Red Rocks
	Uli Wiesmeier/Adventure Photo
	High above the ground, straining every muscle to fend off the clutches of gravity, a climber goes for a "crux move" to get over the lip of a rock outcropping at Red Rocks, Nevada.
	Racing the Break
	Scott Woolums/ALLSTOCK
	Under the looming threat of an 18-foot wave, a boardsailor attempts to outrun the break on a stormy day in Hookipa, Maui. If he falls, he'll get drilled by a brick-hard wall of water. Each November, more than 300 windsurfers converge on Maui to brave the treacherous undertow and giant waves at the world's most prestigious windsurfing tournament.
	Rock Skiing
	G. Planchenault & J-M. Chauvel/Allsport
	And you thought corn snow was tough to ski! It may be hard on your edges, but it's nothing like this. Rock skiing is a bona fide extreme sport in France, the cradle of most of the truly outrageous extreme sports. This skier skitters down a bone dry talus in Verdun, France, all for the thrill of pushing the limits of a different medium.
	Ice Climbing Essentials
	Phil Schermeister/ALLSTOCK
	Loaded with a holster full of carabiners and ice screws, an ice climber organizes his gear in preparation for a long climb. Ice screws are hollow steel or titanium shafts that climbers use in particularly exposed or dangerous spots. Carabiners are attached to the screws, and a climber's belay rope can be strung through the carabiners, which should bear his weight in the event of a fall.
	Climbing White Nightmare
	Chris Noble/Adventure Photo
	Hanging by two ice axes and the steel front points of his crampons, ice climber John Reed works his way up White Nightmare, a frozen waterfall near Provo, Utah. John's next move: he frees his right foot and kicks it back into the ice, so that it is even with his left foot. After balancing his weight in this fashion, he can advance his ice axes. That is, if his worst fears don't come true first. Even if their equipment holds, ice climbers must worry about whether the giant icicle they're climbing will stay attached to the mountain.
	Biking Canyonlands
	Brian Bailey/Adventure Photo
	The mountain biking trails in Canyonlands National Park near Moab, Utah, can resemble surreal pathways to the heavens. The rock-strewn trails, however, are unforgiving and will destroy a carelessly ridden bike. For thousands who flock to the red rock canyons each year to conquer this rugged terrain, the risk of near-death experiences merely enhances their appreciation of the journey. The jumble of ancient limestone rock formations changes in hue as the light fades. This mountain biker pedals over a natural bridge awash in the Technicolor glow of the desert sunset.
	Extreme Skiing at High Altitude
	Chris Noble/ALLSTOCK
	Extreme skier Kevin Andrews gropes for balance as he launches over a snowpacked knob in the Chugach Mountains of Alaska. As if the physical work weren't enough, skiing at this altitude requires carrying oxygen bottles. Andrew's expedition camped in a valley reachable only by bush plane. From there, the skiers hiked four to six hours to find the slope of their extreme dreams.
	Windsurfing the Waves
	Darrell Jones/ALLSTOCK
	A windsurfer torpedoes out of the broiling surf near the town of Hood River, Oregon. In late summer and early fall, the sport's best converge on "Swell City," a location that earned its name from a unique set of natural conditions primed for "big air." The Columbia surges with summer snowmelt, and the swollen river is whipped into a frenzy by the"nuclear" winds that funnel through the narrow canyon, creating big waves for boardsailors.
	The Summit
	Clyde H. Smith/Peter Arnold Inc.
	A mountain climber basks in the midnight sun atop Mt. Waw on the north slope of the Brooks Range, in Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Mountaineering requires skills in all disciplines of climbing: ice climbing, rock climbing, glacier travel, and trekking. With unpredictable weather and unknown dangers lurking beneath the snow, luck is as big a factor as experience when it comes to survival.
	Group Skydiving
	Tom Sanders/Adventure Photo
	Locking hands thousands of feet above the coast of La Tortuga Island, Venezuela, four skydivers get a yank from gravity as they plummet earthward. These skydivers are in the frog position, which has the advantage of a short reach to the rip cord, an important feature when the earth's surface starts to loom large.
	Rock Climbing near Verdun
	Philippe Poulet/Gamma Liaison
	A rock climber near Verdun, France, balances precariously on his toes as he reaches for another handhold. Even with belays, there is danger of serious injury. If he were to slip, or if his toehold were to break, he would fall past the carabiner and slam against the rock upside down, hoping the carabiner breaks the fall without breaking itself.
	Paraskiing
	Didier Givois/Adventure Photo
	Paraskiing combines the speed and thrill of skiing and the freedom of parachuting. You fly a little farther than the average skier, and unlike traditional parachuting, when you land the excitement isn't over.
	Mountain Biking near Telluride
	©1994 Dugald Bremner
	A mountain biker hammers through the brilliant blur of fall colors near Telluride, Colorado. When the leaves change, the stands of aspen blanketing the jagged slopes above this old mining community become an attraction all of their own. Telluride is also known for its extreme skiing slopes, but for mountain bikers, Telluride's situation in a valley at 8,744 feet means that all of the trails go in only one direction: up.
	Climbing in the Colorado Rockies
	David A. Rosenberg/ALLSTOCK
	A mountain climber approaches a tricky outcropping under the warming glare of the morning sun on Mt. Evans, elevation 14,264 feet, in Colorado's central Rocky Mountains. Mt. Evans ranks 13th among Colorado's 58 peaks over 14,000 feet.
	Extreme Skiing
	Chris Noble/ALLSTOCK
	Extreme skier Frank Bare lets it all hang out as he pitches off the tram at the Snowbird ski area in Utah. Bare is a stuntman and the coach of the U.S. Olympic Acrobatic Ski Team. Leaping into thin air from a standstill requires an abnormal abandonment of fear.
	White Water Rafting
	Scott Spiker/Adventure Photo
	Bonnie Hamilton reaches for the oars of her cataraft as it churns through a section of rapids on the Selway River in the remote Clearwater Mountains of north central Idaho.
	Looking for a Handhold
	Philippe Poulet/Gamma Liaison
	1992 and 1993 World Cup climbing champion Robyn Erbesfield stretches for a handhold on this rock face hundreds of feet above the ground. Although she climbs outdoors, Erbesfield concentrates on climbing artificial walls built specifically for World Cup events.
	Glacier Boarding
	Brian Bailey/Adventure Photo
	An extreme snowboarder carves a clean line on the Ruth Glacier, 10 miles southeast of Mt. McKinley in the Alaska Range. Medical help can be hundreds of miles away in remote backcountry situations, so even a minor injury can turn into an emergency.
	Bungee Madness
	Philippe Poulet/Gamma Liaison
	Seeking excitement, a courageous jumper leaps from a bridge in France with a bungee cord attached to her feet. As she hurtles earthward, a rush of adrenaline slams into the base of her skull. As the cord rebounds she'll bounce several times at the end of the rope before coming to rest in a state of cataplexy.
	Sand Surfing
	Antipodes/Gamma Liaison
	For boardsailors who don't dig waves anymore, there's always the desert. This sand surfer rips across a smooth dune in the Sahara Desert of Morocco, using the same skills demanded by windsurfing. With steady winds and clean air, the Sahara is a perfect place to try some new moves.
	Speed Snow Surfing
	Jean-Marc Favre/Gamma Liaison
	Gilles Becker isn't looking for "ollies" or "big air" on his snowboard. In 1990 he set a world speed record for snow surfing in Val Thorens, France, a venue with a 72-degree slope and a 1,500-meter run that is perfect for speed events. At his top speed of 159.8 kilometers per hour, Becker didn't want to catch an edge. The key to reaching such speeds is staying aerodynamic. Becker is wearing a rubberized suit that flaps like a loose sail in a hurricane if it isn't absolutely skintight.
	Vertical Camping
	©1994 Dugald Bremner
	Still wrapped in her sleeping bag, mountain climber and guide Diny Harrison stretches her toes over the edge of her bivouac ledge. She passed the night on a narrow cot secured to the rock face by ropes tied to several bolts pounded into the rock. Before she can start the next pitch of her ascent of Mt. Yamanuska in the Canadian Rockies, she must harness herself to the sheer rock face and disassemble her bivouac.
	Canyon Rappelling
	Bernard Giani/Allsport-Vandystadt
	A canyoneer rappels down the steep wall of a canyon into a churning pool of whitewater. The sport can entail navigating icy rivers and technical climbing on steep, slippery walls. It requires extensive outdoor knowledge and resourcefulness. Once you get in, you've got to find another way out. Hypothermia and flash floods are two potential dangers.
	Hang Gliding over Half Dome
	Bill Ross/ALLSTOCK
	Early morning thermals flowing through Yosemite National Park loft a hang glider above the canyon. Half Dome looms ominously in the background. Although the sport is banned at Yosemite, hang gliders rate the park one of the best places in the world to soar, because the 1,000-foot granite cliffs offer tremendous launching sites.

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Stereogram Collection
	World Class
	(c) Copyright 1995 Digi-Rule, Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Soccer match Bohdan Petyhyrycz is the president and co-founder of Digi-Rule, Inc., a high-technology firm that started with one of his inventions. His extensive training in the fine arts, combined with his tinkering with the autostereogram principle since the late seventies, is evident in the quality of his work. For more information on Digi-Rule 3D books and posters, please call (403) 292-0320 or write to 2001 10th Ave. SW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3C OK4.
	Northern Adventure
	(c) Copyright 1995 Digi-Rule, Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Moose Bohdan Petyhyrycz is the president and co-founder of Digi-Rule, Inc., a high-technology firm that started with one of his inventions. His extensive training in the fine arts, combined with his tinkering with the autostereogram principle since the late seventies, is evident in the quality of his work. For more information on Digi-Rule 3D books and posters, please call (403) 292-0320 or write to 2001 10th Ave. SW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3C OK4.
	Fair Weather
	(c) Copyright 1995 I.C.G., Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Seagull I.C.G., Inc., creates unique imagery from the Inner Realm(TM) for animation, advertising, and sometimes just for fun. Inner Realm(TM) images are also licensed for use to create retail and corporate products. For more information, please call (714) 458-6995 or write to P.O. Box 4091, Laguna Beach, CA 92652 USA.
	Coffee Break
	(c) Copyright 1995 I.C.G., Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Cup and saucer I.C.G., Inc., creates unique imagery from the Inner Realm(TM) for animation, advertising, and sometimes just for fun. Inner Realm(TM) images are also licensed for use to create retail and corporate products. For more information, please call (714) 458-6995 or write to P.O. Box 4091, Laguna Beach, CA 92652 USA.
	Quest for Knowledge
	(c) Copyright 1995 I.C.G., Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Space shuttle I.C.G., Inc., creates unique imagery from the Inner Realm(TM) for animation, advertising, and sometimes just for fun. Inner Realm(TM) images are also licensed for use to create retail and corporate products. For more information, please call (714) 458-6995 or write to P.O. Box 4091, Laguna Beach, CA 92652 USA.
	From a Distance
	(c) Copyright 1995 Digi-Rule, Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Family of deer Bohdan Petyhyrycz is the president and co-founder of Digi-Rule, Inc., a high-technology firm that started with one of his inventions. His extensive training in the fine arts, combined with his tinkering with the autostereogram principle since the late seventies, is evident in the quality of his work. For more information on Digi-Rule 3D books and posters, please call (403) 292-0320 or write to 2001 10th Ave. SW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3C OK4.
	Spring in Bloom
	(c) Copyright 1995 I.C.G., Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Flower I.C.G., Inc., creates unique imagery from the Inner Realm(TM) for animation, advertising, and sometimes just for fun. Inner Realm(TM) images are also licensed for use to create retail and corporate products. For more information, please call (714) 458-6995 or write to P.O. Box 4091, Laguna Beach, CA 92652 USA.
	Bright and Busy
	(c) Copyright 1995 Small Wonders of Orlando, Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Bee and flower Brian Small is the owner of Small Wonders of Orlando, Inc. The 24-year-old artist recently graduated from the University of Central Florida with a degree in computer science, specializing in computer graphics. He uses a special coloring process to make his stereograms unique. For book and poster information, please contact Brian at Small Wonders of Orlando, Inc., in Orlando, Florida, USA.
	Mesozoic Racer
	(c) Copyright 1995 I.C.G., Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Saltopus I.C.G., Inc., creates unique imagery from the Inner Realm(TM) for animation, advertising, and sometimes just for fun. Inner Realm(TM) images are also licensed for use to create retail and corporate products. For more information, please call (714) 458-6995 or write to P.O. Box 4091, Laguna Beach, CA 92652 USA.
	On Sunset Pond
	(c) Copyright 1995 I.C.G., Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Ducks I.C.G., Inc., creates unique imagery from the Inner Realm(TM) for animation, advertising, and sometimes just for fun. Inner Realm(TM) images are also licensed for use to create retail and corporate products. For more information, please call (714) 458-6995 or write to P.O. Box 4091, Laguna Beach, CA 92652 USA.
	Match Point
	(c) Copyright 1995 Digi-Rule, Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Tennis match Bohdan Petyhyrycz is the president and co-founder of Digi-Rule, Inc., a high-technology firm that started with one of his inventions. His extensive training in the fine arts, combined with his tinkering with the autostereogram principle since the late seventies, is evident in the quality of his work. For more information on Digi-Rule 3D books and posters, please call (403) 292-0320 or write to 2001 10th Ave. SW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3C OK4.
	Rise and Shine
	(c) Copyright 1995 I.C.G., Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Alarm clock I.C.G., Inc., creates unique imagery from the Inner Realm(TM) for animation, advertising, and sometimes just for fun. Inner Realm(TM) stereograms are also licensed for use in creating corporate and retail products. For more information, please call (714) 458-6995 or write to P.O. Box 4091, Laguna Beach, CA 92652 USA.
	Swamp Creature
	(c) Copyright 1995 I.C.G., Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Alligator I.C.G., Inc., creates unique imagery from the Inner Realm(TM) for animation, advertising, and sometimes just for fun. Inner Realm(TM) images are also licensed for use to create retail and corporate products. For more information, please call (714) 458-6995 or write to P.O. Box 4091, Laguna Beach, CA 92652 USA.
	Eighty-Eight Keys
	(c) Copyright 1995 Small Wonders of Orlando, Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Pianist Brian Small is the owner of Small Wonders of Orlando, Inc. The 24-year-old artist recently graduated from the University of Central Florida with a degree in computer science, specializing in computer graphics. He uses a special coloring process to make his stereograms unique. For book and poster information, please contact Brian at Small Wonders of Orlando, Inc., in Orlando, Florida, USA.
	Ruins
	(c) Copyright 1995 Digi-Rule, Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Step pyramid Bohdan Petyhyrycz is the president and co-founder of Digi-Rule, Inc., a high-technology firm that started with one of his inventions. His extensive training in the fine arts, combined with his tinkering with the autostereogram principle since the late seventies, is evident in the quality of his work. For more information on Digi-Rule 3D books and posters, please call (403) 292-0320 or write to 2001 10th Ave. SW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3C OK4.
	Less Than a Bushel
	(c) Copyright 1995 I.C.G., Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Cherries I.C.G., Inc., creates unique imagery from the Inner Realm(TM) for animation, advertising, and sometimes just for fun. Inner Realm(TM) images are also licensed for use to create retail and corporate products. For more information, please call (714) 458-6995 or write to P.O. Box 4091, Laguna Beach, CA 92652 USA.
	Sand Trap
	(c) Copyright 1995 I.C.G., Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Shark I.C.G., Inc., creates unique imagery from the Inner Realm(TM) for animation, advertising, and sometimes just for fun. Inner Realm(TM) images are also licensed for use to create retail and corporate products. For more information, please call (714) 458-6995 or write to P.O. Box 4091, Laguna Beach, CA 92652 USA.
	Matchmakers
	(c) Copyright 1995 Digi-Rule, Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Floating cherubs Bohdan Petyhyrycz is the president and co-founder of Digi-Rule, Inc., a high-technology firm that started with one of his inventions. His extensive training in the fine arts, combined with his tinkering with the autostereogram principle since the late seventies, is evident in the quality of his work. For more information on Digi-Rule 3D books and posters, please call (403) 292-0320 or write to 2001 10th Ave. SW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3C OK4.
	Desert Conflict
	(c) Copyright 1995 Digi-Rule, Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Eagle, snake, and cow’s skull Bohdan Petyhyrycz is the president and co-founder of Digi-Rule, Inc., a high-technology firm that started with one of his inventions. His extensive training in the fine arts, combined with his tinkering with the autostereogram principle since the late seventies, is evident in the quality of his work. For more information on Digi-Rule 3D books and posters, please call (403) 292-0320 or write to 2001 10th Ave. SW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3C OK4.
	Sticky Wicket
	(c) Copyright 1995 Digi-Rule, Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Cricket match Bohdan Petyhyrycz is the president and co-founder of Digi-Rule, Inc., a high-technology firm that started with one of his inventions. His extensive training in the fine arts, combined with his tinkering with the autostereogram principle since the late seventies, is evident in the quality of his work. For more information on Digi-Rule 3D books and posters, please call (403) 292-0320 or write to 2001 10th Ave. SW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3C OK4.
	Classical Rhythm
	(c) Copyright 1995 I.C.G., Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Guitar I.C.G., Inc., creates unique imagery from the Inner Realm(TM) for animation, advertising, and sometimes just for fun. Inner Realm(TM) images are also licensed for use to create retail and corporate products. For more information, please call (714) 458-6995 or write to P.O. Box 4091, Laguna Beach, CA 92652 USA.
	Save the Day
	(c) Copyright 1995 Digi-Rule, Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Hockey goalie Bohdan Petyhyrycz is the president and co-founder of Digi-Rule, Inc., a high-technology firm that started with one of his inventions. His extensive training in the fine arts, combined with his tinkering with the autostereogram principle since the late seventies, is evident in the quality of his work. For more information on Digi-Rule 3D books and posters, please call (403) 292-0320 or write to 2001 10th Ave. SW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3C OK4.
	Free Fall
	(c) Copyright 1995 Small Wonders of Orlando, Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Skydiver Brian Small is the owner of Small Wonders of Orlando, Inc. The 24-year-old artist recently graduated from the University of Central Florida with a degree in computer science, specializing in computer graphics. He uses a special coloring process to make his stereograms unique. For book and poster information, please contact Brian at Small Wonders of Orlando, Inc., in Orlando, Florida, USA.
	Air and Sea
	(c) Copyright 1995 Small Wonders of Orlando, Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Jet fighter and submarine Brian Small is the owner of Small Wonders of Orlando, Inc. The 24-year-old artist recently graduated from the University of Central Florida with a degree in computer science, specializing in computer graphics. He uses a special coloring process to make his stereograms unique. For book and poster information, please contact Brian at Small Wonders of Orlando, Inc., in Orlando, Florida, USA.
	Underwater World
	(c) Copyright 1995 I.C.G., Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Globe I.C.G., Inc., creates unique imagery from the Inner Realm(TM) for animation, advertising, and sometimes just for fun. Inner Realm(TM) images are also licensed for use to create retail and corporate products. For more information, please call (714) 458-6995 or write to P.O. Box 4091, Laguna Beach, CA 92652 USA.
	Rollin', Rollin', Rollin'
	(c) Copyright 1995 Small Wonders of Orlando, Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: In-line skates Brian Small is the owner of Small Wonders of Orlando, Inc. The 24-year-old artist recently graduated from the University of Central Florida with a degree in computer science, specializing in computer graphics. He uses a special coloring process to make his stereograms unique. For book and poster information, please contact Brian at Small Wonders of Orlando, Inc., in Orlando, Florida, USA.
	The Neighbor’s Garden
	(c) Copyright 1995 I.C.G., Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Flamingos I.C.G., Inc., creates unique imagery from the Inner Realm(TM) for animation, advertising, and sometimes just for fun. Inner Realm(TM) images are also licensed for use to create retail and corporate products. For more information, please call (714) 458-6995 or write to P.O. Box 4091, Laguna Beach, CA 92652 USA.
	The Big Play
	(c) Copyright 1995 Digi-Rule, Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Football catch Bohdan Petyhyrycz is the president and co-founder of Digi-Rule, Inc., a high-technology firm that started with one of his inventions. His extensive training in the fine arts, combined with his tinkering with the autostereogram principle since the late seventies, is evident in the quality of his work. For more information on Digi-Rule 3D books and posters, please call (403) 292-0320 or write to 2001 10th Ave. SW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3C OK4.
	Silent Realm
	(c) Copyright 1995 Small Wonders of Orlando, Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Scuba diver Brian Small is the owner of Small Wonders of Orlando, Inc. The 24-year-old artist recently graduated from the University of Central Florida with a degree in computer science, specializing in computer graphics. He uses a special coloring process to make his stereograms unique. For book and poster information, please contact Brian at Small Wonders of Orlando, Inc., in Orlando, Florida, USA.
	Knock Out
	(c) Copyright 1995 Digi-Rule, Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Boxing match Bohdan Petyhyrycz is the president and co-founder of Digi-Rule, Inc., a high-technology firm that started with one of his inventions. His extensive training in the fine arts, combined with his tinkering with the autostereogram principle since the late seventies, is evident in the quality of his work. For more information on Digi-Rule 3D books and posters, please call (403) 292-0320 or write to 2001 10th Ave. SW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3C OK4.
	Undersea
	(c) Copyright 1995 Digi-Rule, Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: School of dolphins Bohdan Petyhyrycz is the president and co-founder of Digi-Rule, Inc., a high-technology firm that started with one of his inventions. His extensive training in the fine arts, combined with his tinkering with the autostereogram principle since the late seventies, is evident in the quality of his work. For more information on Digi-Rule 3D books and posters, please call (403) 292-0320 or write to 2001 10th Ave. SW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3C OK4.
	Voyage
	(c) Copyright 1995 Digi-Rule, Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Clipper ship Bohdan Petyhyrycz is the president and co-founder of Digi-Rule, Inc., a high-technology firm that started with one of his inventions. His extensive training in the fine arts, combined with his tinkering with the autostereogram principle since the late seventies, is evident in the quality of his work. For more information on Digi-Rule 3D books and posters, please call (403) 292-0320 or write to 2001 10th Ave. SW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3C OK4.
	Foal Play
	(c) Copyright 1995 Digi-Rule, Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Family of zebras Bohdan Petyhyrycz is the president and co-founder of Digi-Rule, Inc., a high-technology firm that started with one of his inventions. His extensive training in the fine arts, combined with his tinkering with the autostereogram principle since the late seventies, is evident in the quality of his work. For more information on Digi-Rule 3D books and posters, please call (403) 292-0320 or write to 2001 10th Ave. SW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3C OK4.
	Medieval Legend
	(c) Copyright 1995 Digi-Rule, Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Dragon and wizard Bohdan Petyhyrycz is the president and co-founder of Digi-Rule, Inc., a high-technology firm that started with one of his inventions. His extensive training in the fine arts, combined with his tinkering with the autostereogram principle since the late seventies, is evident in the quality of his work. For more information on Digi-Rule 3D books and posters, please call (403) 292-0320 or write to 2001 10th Ave. SW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3C OK4.
	Family Pride
	(c) Copyright 1995 Digi-Rule, Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Pride of lions Bohdan Petyhyrycz is the president and co-founder of Digi-Rule, Inc., a high-technology firm that started with one of his inventions. His extensive training in the fine arts, combined with his tinkering with the autostereogram principle since the late seventies, is evident in the quality of his work. For more information on Digi-Rule 3D books and posters, please call (403) 292-0320 or write to 2001 10th Ave. SW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3C OK4.
	Down Under
	(c) Copyright 1995 Digi-Rule, Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Kangaroos Bohdan Petyhyrycz is the president and co-founder of Digi-Rule, Inc., a high-technology firm that started with one of his inventions. His extensive training in the fine arts, combined with his tinkering with the autostereogram principle since the late seventies, is evident in the quality of his work. For more information on Digi-Rule 3D books and posters, please call (403) 292-0320 or write to 2001 10th Ave. SW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3C OK4.
	Go for the Green
	(c) Copyright 1995 Digi-Rule, Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Golfer on the fairway Bohdan Petyhyrycz is the president and co-founder of Digi-Rule, Inc., a high-technology firm that started with one of his inventions. His extensive training in the fine arts, combined with his tinkering with the autostereogram principle since the late seventies, is evident in the quality of his work. For more information on Digi-Rule 3D books and posters, please call (403) 292-0320 or write to 2001 10th Ave. SW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3C OK4.
	Endangered Giants
	(c) Copyright 1995 Digi-Rule, Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Elephants Bohdan Petyhyrycz is the president and co-founder of Digi-Rule, Inc., a high-technology firm that started with one of his inventions. His extensive training in the fine arts, combined with his tinkering with the autostereogram principle since the late seventies, is evident in the quality of his work. For more information on Digi-Rule 3D books and posters, please call (403) 292-0320 or write to 2001 10th Ave. SW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3C OK4.
	Fossils
	(c) Copyright 1995 Digi-Rule, Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Triceratops and pteranodon Bohdan Petyhyrycz is the president and co-founder of Digi-Rule, Inc., a high-technology firm that started with one of his inventions. His extensive training in the fine arts, combined with his tinkering with the autostereogram principle since the late seventies, is evident in the quality of his work. For more information on Digi-Rule 3D books and posters, please call (403) 292-0320 or write to 2001 10th Ave. SW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3C OK4.
	Ancient Jungle
	(c) Copyright 1995 I.C.G., Inc.
	A stereogram is a picture designed to give the impression of a three-dimensional image. Focus on an object in the distance, maintain that focal point, move the stereogram into your field of vision, stare blankly for awhile, and with patience the image will suddenly appear. Answer: Stegosaurus I.C.G., Inc., creates unique imagery from the Inner Realm(TM) for animation, advertising, and sometimes just for fun. Inner Realm(TM) images are also licensed for use to create retail and corporate products. For more information, please call (714) 458-6995 or write to P.O. Box 4091, Laguna Beach, CA 92652 USA.

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Undersea Collection
	Fairy Basslets
	Norbert Wu
	A school of amethyst basslets swims above a patch of lettuce coral. Fairy basslets are among the most common and colorful of reef fishes. Like other sea basses, some fish change sex from female to the larger male, depending on the balance within the school. These are mostly juveniles and females. Location: Sangalakki Island, Borneo.
	Fairy Basslet
	Norbert Wu
	The male square-spot fairy basslet (Pseudanthias pleurotaenia) is a spectacular fish that lives along the edges of coral walls, feeding on plankton brought by currents. Relatively uncommon, males usually control harems of 6 to 30 females. Location: Sipadan Island, Borneo.
	Manta Ray
	Norbert Wu
	A manta ray (Manta alfredi) feeds on plankton in strong currents. Manta rays, formerly called devilfish, were once much feared. They grow to 20 feet from tip to tip, and they glide through the water with their "wings," actually enlarged pectoral fins. They are closely related to sharks, and they are harmless and feed on tiny plankton. Location: Sangalakki Island, Borneo.
	Humpback Whales
	Kevin & Cat Sweeney/Norbert Wu Photography
	A mother humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) and her calf rest in the warm waters of Hawaii. Humpback whales spend their winters in warm tropical seas, and then migrate to the rich feeding grounds of the polar regions in the summer. They use baleen (filtering plates within their mouths) to filter planktonic food from enormous quantities of water. Location: Hawaii.
	Shrimp and Host Anemone
	Norbert Wu
	A pair of cleaning shrimp (Periclimenes pedersoni) gain protection and food among the stinging tentacles of their host anemone. These shrimp survive by waving their appendages about to attract the attention of larger residents of the reef. When a larger fish comes near, they leave their host anemone to clean their client of parasites. Location: Roatan, Caribbean.
	Arrow Crab
	Norbert Wu
	The arrow crab (Stenorhynchus seticornis) is a bizarrely shaped crab with long spindly arms around a central arrow-shaped body. It uses its long claws to pluck at algae and invertebrates growing on coral reefs. Location: Caribbean.
	Porcupinefish
	Norbert Wu
	A porcupinefish is covered with spines. As a defense mechanism, it swallows water until it swells up. Inflated, it looks like a pincushion, presenting a mass of spines to a potential predator. Location: Saba, Netherlands Antilles.
	Hammerhead Sharks
	Bob Cranston/Norbert Wu Photography
	Off islands and undersea pinnacles, schools of scalloped hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini) can often be encountered. Swimming in the midst of a school of hundreds of sharks is exciting but surprisingly safe. The sharks are timid when gathered in great groups like this, and they flee at the sound of a diver's bubbles. Location: Sea of Cortez, Baja Mexico.
	Sand Tiger Shark
	Norbert Wu
	The sand tiger shark (Odontaspis taurus) has an undeserved reputation for ferocity. It is actually considered to be harmless to humans. Its wicked-looking teeth are used only for attacking fish. A fairly common shark in the waters of many countries, the sand tiger is called the gray nurse in Australia and the ragged-tooth in South Africa. Location: Steinhart Aquarium, San Francisco, California.
	Parrotfish
	Norbert Wu
	A large male parrotfish (Scaridae family) sleeps at night in a coral reef. Parrotfish are so named for their beak-like mouths, which consist of hard, fused teeth and strong jaws that crunch coral. Location: Sipadan Island, Borneo.
	Trumpetfish and Leather Bass
	Norbert Wu/AllStock
	A trumpetfish (Aulostomus chinensis) in its golden phase attempts to hide behind a leather bass (Epinephelus dermatolepis). The long, thin trumpetfish uses its body shape to blend in with branches of sea fans, and to hide behind larger fish. It can change its color and position to blend into the background, and is often seen drifting in a vertical position, head down. It is an ambush predator. Location: Cocos Island, Costa Rica.
	Frogfish
	Stephen Frink/AllStock
	Camouflaged to match its surroundings, this Caribbean frogfish (Antennarius multiocellatus) lies in wait for prospective food to swim by. Virtually invisible itself, a long filament just above its upper lip attracts prey in much the same way that an angler uses a lure.
	Moon Jellyfish
	Norbert Wu
	A moon jellyfish (Aurelia aurita) drifts in the Gulf Stream off the coast of Florida. The moon jellyfish can be found worldwide, in almost every marine habitat. They can be recognized by the characteristic cloverleaf pattern under the bell.
	Symbiosis: Moon Jellyfish and Jacks
	Norbert Wu
	A single moon jellyfish (Aurelia aurita) may harbor dozens of fish, such as these juvenile jacks, within the protective confines of its stinging tentacles. These fish may or may not be immune to the stings of the sea jelly, but they are quite adept at avoiding the tentacles while burrowing into the soft parts of the jellyfish for protection. As these fish reach maturity, they will move out to the coastline, and are often found over soft sea bottoms. Location: Gulf Stream, Florida.
	Coral Goby
	Norbert Wu
	So small that it is almost invisible, a tiny coral goby watches for passing food particles while resting on a colony of star coral. The gobies comprise the largest family of marine fishes, and they are typically small bottom dwellers. One goby enjoys the distinction of being the tiniest fish in the world. Location: Sipadan Island, Borneo.
	Symbiosis: A Goby Cleans a Red Hind Grouper
	Norbert Wu
	A goby cleans a red hind grouper (Epinephelus guttatus). The tops of certain coral heads are frequented by a procession of groupers, parrotfish, and angelfish. These are "cleaning stations," which operate much like neighborhood barbershops. Fish congregate here to be cleaned of parasites and dead skin by brightly-colored cleaning shrimp, wrasses, and gobies, in an age-old relationship that benefits both parties. To catch the attention of the larger fish, a cleaning fish or shrimp dances or jumps in a particular pattern. Location: Saba, Caribbean.
	Harlequin Shrimp
	Norbert Wu/AllStock
	This brilliantly colored clown or harlequin shrimp (Lebbeus grandimana) makes its home among the beautiful tentacles of a crimson anemone (Cribinopsis fernaldi). Protected from predators by its host anemone, the shrimp also gets free meals here. Scientists believe that this shrimp is immune to the sting of the anemone because it eats fragments containing stinging cells dropped by its host. Location: Queen Charlotte Islands, Canada.
	Atlantic Spotted Dolphins
	Norbert Wu
	A group of wild Atlantic spotted dolphins (Stenella frontalis) have interacted with humans in their home range for over twenty years, after their initial discovery by treasure hunters. They often approach swimmers, and they especially seem to enjoy swimmers who try to match their speed and movements. These Atlantic spotted dolphins rest on shallow sand banks during the day, after a night of hunting in deep water. Locations: Bahama Banks.
	Blue-Spot Stingray
	Norbert Wu
	The blue-spot stingray (Dasyatis kuhlii) uses its round pectoral fins to dig in the sea bed. Its mouth, on the underside of its body, crushes the invertebrates that it finds in the sand. Stingrays are named for their tail, which has a venomous barb set in it. As a defense, a stingray can whip its tail upward, stabbing the barb into an attacker. Location: Red Sea.
	Blue Shark
	Bob Cranston/Norbert Wu Photography
	A slim, graceful animal, the blue shark (Prionace glauca) is also an open ocean predator. Blues are among the most abundant of temperate water sharks. They are known for their feeding frenzies on whale carcasses and have been implicated in attacks on humans during shipwrecks. Location: Off the coast of San Diego, California.
	Queen Angelfish
	Norbert Wu
	The shimmering colors of a queen angelfish (Holacanthus ciliaris) jump out against its muted surroundings. Angelfish patrol established territories along the coral reef, feeding on sponges, algae, and invertebrates. They are often seen in pairs and are among the most colorful fish on the reef. Location: Roatan, Honduras.
	Spotjaw Blenny
	Norbert Wu
	A spotjaw blenny (Acanthemblemaria rivasi) peers out from its home, an abandoned worm tube in a head of brain coral. Its large red eyes may serve to scare off predators. Location: Caribbean.
	Napoleon Wrasse
	Norbert Wu
	This large Napoleon wrasse (Cheilinius undulatus) has grown used to handouts from divers. It uses its extensible jaws to suck up food. Most wrasses and parrotfishes are examples of "sequential hermaphroditism," in which a fish changes sex in a predictable fashion. Females can change sex into brilliantly colored males, known as terminal males or supermales. This particular wrasse is four feet in length. Location: Red Sea.
	Leather Coral
	Norbert Wu
	Corals are extremely delicate. They require clear, warm water to stay healthy. Large temperature changes, wave action, or sediment kill them quickly. Polyps can be smothered by sand or dirt, killed by heat or cold, or destroyed by storms and waves. Here, individual polyps of a leather coral feed on plankton. Location: Fiji.
	Unicornfish
	Norbert Wu
	The whitemargin unicornfish (Naso annulatus), seen here sleeping at night, is a member of the surgeonfish family. The function of its long horn is unknown, but it is probably used in territorial displays. Schools of unicornfish are often seen feeding on plankton near coral. Location: Fiji.
	Crown of Thorns Starfish
	Norbert Wu
	A closeup of a crown of thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci). Coral reefs were devastated by voracious herds of crown-of-thorns starfish in the past decade, but whether the population explosion of these starfish was a result of man's pollution or natural cycles is not known. Location: Sipadan Island, Borneo.
	Remoras on a Manta Ray
	Norbert Wu/AllStock
	Most manta rays (Manta hamiltoni) encountered in the waters around the Baja California peninsula have two large remoras, or sharksuckers, attached to them. The remoras (Echeneis naucrates) use suckers to fasten onto the manta. These remoras have attached so strongly that their suckers have left marks on the manta's rough skin. Location: Revillagigedo Islands, Mexico.
	Paddlefish
	Norbert Wu/AllStock
	The paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) is a unique American freshwater species that grows up to six feet in length. It uses its long paddle to dig in the mud of rivers such as the Mississippi. The paddle may also be used to sense electrical fields. The paddlefish is a primitive species, containing cartilage rather than bone, and considered to be closely related to sharks. Location: Scripps Institution of Oceanography Marine Vertebrate Collection.
	Symbiosis: Clown Anemonefish and Host Anemone
	Norbert Wu/AllStock
	A pair of clown anemonefish, immune to the stinging tentacles of their host, guard a nest of orange eggs they have laid at the base of the anemone. In a typical large anemone there is usually a single pair of mature anemonefish and a few juveniles. The female is the largest and dominant. If she is removed, the male will change sex, and the largest of the juveniles will change into a male. Location: Solomon Islands.
	Garibaldi Feeding on a Jellyfish
	Norbert Wu
	A garibaldi (Hypsypops rubicundus) feeds on the tentacles and oral arms of a jellyfish in the Pacific Ocean. Contrary to popular belief, jellies rarely feed on large prey such as fish. In fact, the reverse is usually true. When jellyfish drift into coasts, a host of fishes, crabs, and other animals set upon them for a feast. Location: Coronado Islands, Mexico.
	School of Bigeye Trevally
	Norbert Wu
	A school of bigeye trevally (Caranx sexfasciatus) form a moving circle near the steep dropoff of an oceanic island. Trevally, closely related to tunas, often gather in large schools over coral reefs and places of current. Divers have witnessed these massed schools chase off predators such as barracuda, in rare displays of cooperative behavior. Location: Sipadan Island, Borneo.
	Basket Starfish
	Norbert Wu
	A basket starfish (Astrophyton muricatum) has hundreds of many-branching arms. It is only seen at night, when it walks to the tops of sea fans and sponges to catch drifting food particles from passing currents. During the day it curls up beneath a rock or among the branches of a sea fan. In this way it is protected from daytime predators that would otherwise nip off its arms. Location: Saba, Caribbean.
	Reef Octopus
	Norbert Wu
	Octopi are marvelously advanced invertebrates. They have complex brains and eyes that resemble our own. They can alter their shape and color to match their backgrounds, and they often expel a cloud of "ink" to mask their escape from a potential enemy. Here, a reef octopus (Octopus briareus) hunts at night. Location: Roatan, Caribbean.
	Spiny Lobster
	Norbert Wu
	The spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) is the largest Caribbean lobster. It is nocturnal, and at certain times of the year will migrate in long lines across the sandy ocean bottom. Location: Netherlands Antilles, Caribbean.
	Fangtooth
	Norbert Wu/AllStock
	This cleared and stained specimen of a deep-sea fangtooth (Anoplogaster cornuta) shows the hard, bony armor covering its body. Such a heavy protective covering is rare in the abyss, where most fishes have oily, soft bodies for neutral buoyancy, minimizing the energy needed to swim beneath the atmospheric pressure experienced at such depths. Location: Eastern Pacific.
	Nudibranch
	Norbert Wu
	The bright colors of the spanish shawl nudibranch (Flabellinopsis iodinea) serve as more than just a garish fashion statement. Nudibranchs are sea slugs, snails without a shell. They have brightly colored gills on their backs. Many nudibranchs retain toxic compounds or stinging cells from their food and store these chemicals in their body. Their bright colors advertise their noxiousness to potential predators. Location: Monterey, California.
	Kelp Bulbs
	Norbert Wu
	Gas-filled bulbs keep the blades of the giant kelp plant (Macrocystis pyrifera) afloat. The large forests of kelp found in California are unusual in the ocean, where the majority of plant life consists of floating microscopic plants, rather than large forests. The giant kelp plant has been reported to grow as much as two feet a day. Location: Santa Catalina Island, California.
	Yellow Clump Coral
	Norbert Wu
	This colony of yellow clump coral usually opens only at night. This photograph shows the polyps open for feeding. Corals are colonies of stinging invertebrates, closely related to jellyfish and anemones. They have a hard limestone external skeleton with stinging polyps that catch plankton in currents. Location: Netherlands Antilles, Caribbean.
	California Sea Lion
	Norbert Wu
	Clumsy on land, California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) move like rockets when in the water. They are highly social and noisy animals, and dominant males may gather harems of 20 females or more. Males are made conspicuous by their large size and crested foreheads. Location: Monterey, California.
	Bottlenose Dolphin
	Norbert Wu/AllStock
	A bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) swims through a school of baitfish. Dolphins work together to round up schools of fish. They then take turns swimming through their corralled prey, catching mouthfuls as they go. Location: Roatan, Honduras.

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Sierra Club Wildlife Collection
	Emperor Penguin
	Kevin Schafer
	The courtship of Antarctica's emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) involves much bowing, calling, parading, trumpeting, and standing opposite each other with beaks upright. After mating, the female lays a single egg and immediately abandons it, going off to gorge herself with fish for two months. The father takes custody of the egg, keeping it warm by balancing it on his feet for about nine weeks. When it hatches, the mother returns to regurgitate food for the chick.
	Squirrel Monkey
	Kevin Schafer
	These Amazonian squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) are quick and small, weighing only 1 to 2.5 pounds. They live in female-dominated societies of 25 to 500 individuals. These groups don't compete for territory. Sometimes a group even teams up with capuchin monkeys when foraging. Squirrel monkeys rarely touch ground, even for water. In the forest canopy, they can usually find enough liquid in rain runoff or in their fruit and insect diet.
	Giraffe
	Peter Pickford/DRK Photo
	With unusually long necks and tongues, giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis) can reach leaves as high as 19 feet above the ground. They live in loose, open herds without leaders in the arid savanna zones south of the Sahara. Combat between giraffes is rare. For mating purposes, the male hierarchy is established through "necking" contests, in which males intertwine necks to test each other's strength.
	Capybara
	Kevin Schafer
	The capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) of western South America is the biggest rodent in the world, weighing in at 200 pounds. Semi-aquatic, they immerse themselves not only to hide from predators, but also for their health. Without regular dips, they may get dangerously dry.
	Jaguar
	John Cancalosi/DRK Photo
	Jaguars (Panthera onca) live in tropical forests from the southern United States through much of South America. Unlike most felines, they are good swimmers. Jaguars hunt on the ground and from trees, and feed on a variety of prey, including tapirs, monkeys, caimans, tortoises, fish, and livestock. Hunting and destruction of habitat have seriously jeopardized the survival of the jaguar. Status: Endangered
	Grizzly Bear
	Stephen J. Krasemann/DRK Photo
	Grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) live throughout Asia, Europe, and North America, although their habitat and numbers are shrinking. Two centuries ago, there were probably 50,000 grizzly bears in what is now the contiguous United States. Now there are fewer than 900. Female grizzlies make fiercely devoted mothers, yet two-thirds of all grizzlies die before adulthood. Status: Threatened
	Spectacled Caiman
	Kevin Schafer
	The spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodylus) gets its name from the ridge between its eyes that resembles the bridge of a pair of glasses. It lives primarily in the Amazon basin of South America. Like its cousins the crocodile and the alligator, the spectacled caiman has a voracious appetite for fresh meat, catching and then drowning its prey. Status: Endangered
	Douc Langur
	Art Wolfe/ALLSTOCK
	Douc is an ancient native name for these dignified-looking Vietnamese monkeys (Pygathrix nemaeus). They live in small, close-knit groups in which females outnumber males. Most of the time, doucs sit quietly digesting the bulky leaves and fruit they eat, but while traveling they make a deafening level of noise. Douc habitat and population have still not fully recovered from the bombs and defoliants of the Vietnam War. Status: Endangered
	Burchell's Zebra
	Kevin Schafer
	Burchell's zebra (Equus berchelli) can be found in a broad range of grassland habitats throughout Africa. Because of its distinctive call ("qua-ha!"), it is called "quagga" by the Hottentots. Burchell's zebras live in stable groups of one male and two to six females and their young. During the day the zebras graze, and at night the adults take turns guarding against predators.
	Walrus
	Kevin Schafer
	Walruses (Odobenus rosmarus) are very social creatures, lolling around Arctic hangouts in same-sex groups. Their whiskers are useful for finding mollusks underwater; their tusks, for digging them up. Walruses have a flexible pouch on each side of their heads that they can inflate at sea to keep their heads above water as they sleep.
	Polar Bear
	Johnny Johnson/DRK Photo
	A native of the Arctic, the polar bear (Ursus maritimus) is the largest land carnivore in the world. Polar bears swim by paddling with their front legs and steering with their back legs, yet they are agile enough in the water to catch seals and fish. Most of the year they live a solitary existence. In April and May, however, a bear's fancy turns to love. The resulting cubs, most commonly twins, are born in the cold Arctic month of December.
	Greater Flamingo
	John Cancalosi/DRK Photo
	Reaching 4 feet in height, greater flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber) can be found standing tall in shallow lakes and lagoons on five continents (Europe, Asia, Africa, and North and South America). They sweep their heads through pools of water, scooping up algae, small snails, and shrimp to eat. Greater flamingos nest in huge groups. Both parents take turns sitting on the single egg laid each season.
	Elk
	Darrell Gulin/ALLSTOCK
	Elk (Cervus canadensis) are also known as "wapiti," a Shawnee name. They can sprint at speeds of 40 miles per hour and jump barriers 10 feet high. If excited, elk can run through barbed wire fences, snapping the wires like straws. Males have an array of antlers second only to the moose in size and impressiveness.
	Hippopotamus
	Kevin Schafer
	The hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) lives in African areas where water and grass are available. Because their thick skins can't handle heat, hippos submerge themselves during the day and forage at night, typically commuting 2 or 3 miles to grasslands to graze. Jaw-to-jaw testing occurs between males, or between an aggressive male and a female protecting her young. This mock combat is a substitute for (or prelude to) serious biting and slashing. Status: Endangered
	Mountain Gorilla
	Kevin Schafer
	The mountain gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) is the world's largest primate. The average adult male is 5 feet, 8 inches tall and 363 pounds. The average adult female is about 5 feet tall and half the weight of a male. Mature male gorillas are called "silverbacks" because of their coloring. Unlike most primates, gorilla groups revolve around one dominant male leader. Groups range in number from 2 to 20 members, inhabiting isolated pockets of central Africa. Status: Endangered
	Bengal Tiger
	Renee Lynn/ALLSTOCK
	All tigers come from Asia, not Africa as commonly supposed. The Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris) lives on the Indian Peninsula. Each tiger lives alone, staking out a territory of about 20 square miles, which it patrols regularly and marks with droppings and other signals. A full-grown Bengal tiger can measure 10 feet long, including tail, and weigh as much as 500 pounds. Status: Threatened
	Weddell Seal
	Kevin Schafer
	Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) are one of four seal species that live along the Antarctic coastline. They do not migrate. During the winter they spend most of their time in the water, constantly biting the edges of the ice to keep breathing holes open. They communicate with a constant stream of underwater sounds.
	Broad-Tailed Hummingbird
	Clayton Fogle/ALLSTOCK
	You can tell the broad-tailed hummingbird (Selasphorus platycercus) with your eyes closed: The feathers of its vibrating wings make a distinctive metallic trill. The broad-tail is found in the western United States and Central America. Like most hummingbirds, it can fly forward, backward, and sideways, hovering like a helicopter as it sips its daily diet of 50 to 60 flower-nectar cocktails.
	Moose
	Ron Sanford/ALLSTOCK
	Unlike other members of the deer family, moose (Alces alces) do not migrate. They often spend a lifetime within an area of about a square mile. A bull moose is usually peaceful and retiring, except during the mating season in September and October. During this period it becomes extremely irritable, attacking other male moose and even an occasional car, bulldozer, or train. Moose live in Canada and the American Rockies.
	Poison Dart Frog
	Kevin Schafer
	Most poisonous frogs in South America wear bright colors. Reds, yellows, blues, and shiny shades of black warn predators away. This poison dart frog (Dendrobates pumilio) is eight times more poisonous than most other frogs of its family. Indigenous tribes use its venom to create arrows and darts that kill with just a scratch.
	Koala
	Christopher Arnesen/ALLSTOCK
	Every day, an Australian koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) eats 2.5 pounds of eucalyptus leaves. Yet it will dine only on leaves from a select 12 species of the aromatic tree, several of which must be avoided at certain times of the year because of poisonous accumulations of prussic acid. For calcium and other minerals, koalas eat dirt. Gestation for a koala baby is only 35 days, followed by eight months in its mother's pouch.
	Sandhill Crane
	Tim Davis/ALLSTOCK
	Sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) are believed to be the oldest species of bird in the world, dating from the Eocene period over nine million years ago. They summer in the northern half of North America and parts of Siberia, and migrate south to Texas and New Mexico for the winter.
	Giant Anteater
	Roland Seitre/Peter Arnold Inc.
	The giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) looks streamlined, but it is really quite slow. The South American animal's body, however, is well suited for one thing: eating ants and termites. Its strong front legs and sharp claws are perfect for ripping open termite hills, and its sticky 24-inch tongue can easily find its way into the inner recesses of ant holes.
	African Elephant
	Stephen J. Krasemann/DRK Photo
	The African elephant (Loxodonta africana), the world's largest land mammal, can feed on tree branches higher than even a giraffe can reach. Elephants communicate over distances of several miles, by rumbling at a pitch lower than the human ear can hear. When threatened, elephant groups cluster together with the matriarch and calves in the middle. Males trunk-wrestle as play, in a challenge, or if a female in heat is present, as a prelude to a serious ramming fight. Status: Endangered
	Lilac-Breasted Roller
	Kevin Schafer
	Rollers get their name from their spectacular courtship acrobatics. Screaming loudly and displaying colorful plumage, they roll and tumble through the air. The lilac-breasted roller (Coracias caudata) catches large insects in mid-air or on the ground. After carrying an insect to a perch, the bird beats its meal to death before eating it. Rollers nest in holes and crevices. The female sits on the eggs and the male brings food to her. The lilac-breasted roller ranges throughout many parts of Africa.
	Mandrill
	Tim Davis/ALLSTOCK
	The adult male mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx) of West Africa has a brightly-colored face you can't miss. Unless threatened, however, he does not act as frighteningly as he looks. Mandrills also have brightly colored posteriors, with shades of red, pink, and lilac predominating. The colorful displays on head and tail are believed primarily to serve as sexual attractants. Status: Endangered
	Saw-Whet Owl
	Art Wolfe/ALLSTOCK
	The saw-whet owl (Aegolius acadicus) is quite small: The female is about the size of a robin, the male a little smaller. Like most owls, the saw-whet's acute hearing, eyesight adapted to the dark, and silent wings are effective tools for nocturnal hunting. The unusual name comes from its call, which resembles the sound of a saw being sharpened. The saw-whet is found in most of the contiguous United States.
	Leopard
	Art Wolfe/ALLSTOCK
	The spots of the leopard (Panthera pardus) make good camouflage in its wide-ranging African habitat. Solitary, patient, and silent, the leopard often sneaks to within 5 yards of its unsuspecting prey before pouncing. It is strong enough to pull a 300-pound wildebeest to the ground or carry a 150-pound impala up a tree. Status: Endangered
	Harp Seal Pup
	Kevin Schafer
	When a harp seal pup (Pagophilus groenlandicus) is born, its fur is white and fluffy, allowing it to blend into the ice and snow of the Arctic. After about a month, it molts and grows a light gray coat in preparation for entering the water for the first time. This coat also molts, and the pup takes on the coloring of its parents. Females have random black spots; males develop a well-defined "saddle" on their backs, explaining why these seals are sometimes called "saddlebacks."
	Scarlet Macaw
	Kevin Schafer
	Scarlets (Ara macao) are one of the largest species of macaw. Adults measure about 3 feet in length; the tail alone is 2 feet long. Scarlets are also known as red and blue macaws because of their spectacular multi-hued plumage. They use their well-leveraged beaks to crack seeds, fruits and even hard-shelled Brazil nuts. Ranging from Mexico to Bolivia, they live (except when breeding) in large, screeching groups that move together from tree to tree.
	Japanese Macaque
	Steve Kaufman/Peter Arnold Inc.
	Male Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata) are unusually caring toward their youngsters, playing with them and carrying them on their backs. They live farther north than any other non-human primate, depending on their thick fur to keep them warm during snowy winters. Very intelligent, they have been observed inventing and teaching, passing knowledge down through generations. Status: Endangered
	Bald Eagle
	Stephen J. Krasemann/DRK Photo
	The official symbol of the United States, the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) can be found only in North America. Despite the name, bald eagles aren't bald. At age five their dark-colored head feathers turn white. A keen hunter, the bald eagle uses its sharp eyes (eight times more acute than ours) to hunt small animals from great heights. Eagle pairs return to the same nest every year. Status: Threatened
	Sea Otter
	Stephen J. Krasemann/DRK
	Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) are sociable creatures that live along the Pacific coast, spending much of their lives in the water. During food dives, a sea otter often uses a flat stone as a tool to dislodge mollusks and urchins from the bottom. Twenty years ago sea otters were very rare south of Alaska, but thanks to conservation efforts, they are making a comeback. Sea otters now number about 2,300 off the California coast alone. Status: Threatened
	Panther Chameleon
	Kevin Schafer
	Panther chameleons (Chamaeleo pardalis) live in the dense and humid forests of Madagascar. Chameleons don't just change colors to blend in, but also to communicate with other chameleons. When threatened, for example, panther chameleons change much of their body from green to bright yellow. A red face signals a readiness to mate. Other color patterns can indicate everything from "this is my territory" to "I give up, you win."
	Desert Tortoise
	John Livzey/ALLSTOCK
	A native of southwest United States and northern Mexico, desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) can be found in desert oases, rocky hillsides and canyon bottoms. They burrow deep into the earth for protection from predators and temperature extremes. Desert tortoises are mostly herbivorous, using their serrated jaws to shred cacti, grasses, and other desert plants. Livestock, motor vehicles, and habitat destruction threaten the survival of the desert tortoise. Status: Endangered
	Keel-Billed Toucan
	Kevin Schafer
	The keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus) lives in jungles from Mexico to Argentina. Its beak is nearly as long as its body. The purpose of this long beak remains something of a mystery. Scientists have speculated that it helps reach food, increases the sense of smell, or acts as a weapon, but none of these explanations has withstood close scrutiny. The latest theory? That it serves as a courtship display, much like a peacock's tail.
	Gray Wolf
	Art Wolfe/ALLSTOCK
	Not all gray wolves (Canis lupus) are gray. They range from white in Arctic regions to black in parts of North America. Gray wolves live in packs ranging from 5 to 15 members, with a dominant mated pair and a strict hierarchy. Packs prefer hunting large herbivores such as elk and deer, but will go after smaller game as well. The gray wolf could once be found throughout northern North America and Asia, with scattered populations in Europe and Mexico. Status: Endangered
	Black Rhinoceros
	Stephen J. Krasemann/DRK Photo
	Black rhinos (Diceros bicornis) tolerate oxpecker birds because they eat skin ticks, but they can be pretty testy toward just about everything else. Once widespread throughout much of Africa, rhinos have been hunted to near-extinction for their horns, which are used as ornaments, medicines and aphrodisiacs. Remarkably fast and agile for its size, the rhino can reach speeds of 31 miles per hour and can, at full gallop, turn in the space of its own length. Status: Endangered
	Tufted Puffin
	Kevin Schafer
	The tufted puffin (Fratercula cirrhata) looks out of place in the far northern Pacific. With its odd, parrot-like bill and tasseled head, it looks like it should be a tropical bird. Blessed with a heavy, round body and short, rounded wings, it must run some distance before it can fly. In the water, however, the bird seems more at home: It dives to great depths and swims underwater like a torpedo. Tufted puffins forage widely for food, often flying far out to sea.
	Three-Toed Sloth
	Michael Fogden/DRK Photo
	The three-toed sloth (Bradypus tridacylus) lives up to its eponym, spending hours at a time hanging by its claws from a horizontal branch. It lives in treetops in South American woodlands, slowly moving from branch to branch looking for the only thing it eats: leaves from Ceropia lyratiloba, a type of trumpetwood. Sloths often look green because of algae growing on their long, shaggy hair.

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